Category Archives: Ancient Oriental Religions

Antiquity & Eschatology of Freemasonic, Jesuit & Zionist Orders as Vector of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

Античность и эсхатология масонских, иезуитских и сионистских орденов как вектор израильско-палестинского конфликта – I

One of World History’s most important texts: the Malediction of Akkad; 18th c. BCE copy of an earlier original, found in Babylon. The text details the calamitous results of human contact with the unclean nation Guti and the subsequent collapse of Akkad, i.e. the world’s first empire, which brought about the Flood.

https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010167577

In a first article titled ‘Palestinians vs. Israelis: 11 Hidden Historical Truths about a Futile War’, I expanded briefly on crucial historical points that the Palestinians and the entire world do not know concerning first the History of the kingdoms of Ancient Israel and Judah and second the identity of today’s so-called Jews whose outright majority (85-90%), namely the Ashkenazi Khazarians, by all means are not Jews ethnically, linguistically, culturally and religiously. I also pointed out that even the Sephardic Jews, who make ca. 10-15% of the so-called World Jewry, are not entitled to the Promised Land (i.e. Palestine) as per historical evidence; furthermore, I made it clear that the Sephardim do not constitute part of the Chosen People (i.e. the ten lost tribes of Ancient Israel) whose ‘return’ was indeed prophesied in the Old Testament. The article can be found here: https://www.academia.edu/107952726/Palestinians_vs_Israelis_11_Hidden_Historical_Truths_about_a_Futile_War

In a second article titled ‘Israelis vs. Palestinians: 6 Concealed Historical Truths about the Lost Wars’, I first explored the diverse, spiritual and moral conditions of national resistance and then presented critical historical and socio-political issues that impact the Palestinians and affect their struggle for national independence. I demonstrated that the Palestinian Islamists are the best accomplices of the Israeli Zionists in the sense that, by plunging their persecuted nation into ignorance, colonial falsehood, and lack of self-criticism, they turn the entirely deracinated nation of Palestinians into expendable material for the agendas of several Western governments and secret organizations. The article can be found here:

https://www.academia.edu/108059819/Israelis_vs_Palestinians_6_Concealed_Historical_Truths_about_the_Lost_Wars

Contents

Introduction

I. Why Jesuits, Freemasons and Zionists cannot have or believe in a religion

II. Jesuits, Freemasons and Zionists vs. Islam, Christianity and Judaism

III. The Oriental Antiquity of the Freemasons

IV. The Oriental Antiquity of the Jesuit Order

V. The Zionists before Judaism

VI. The Mesopotamian Kassite Origin of the Zionists

VII. The Kassites and the Abomination of Marduk-Yahweh

VIII. The Guti, the Kassites, the Flood, and Zionism 

IX. Guti, Kassites, Gog & Magog, Unclean Nations, and Alexander the Great

X. Jews, Fake Jews, Alexander the Great, the Seleucid Dynasty, and Flavius Josephus

XI. Jews, Fake Jews, Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes, and the Romans 

XII. Gog, Khazars, and Ashkenazi Zionism 

Содержание

Введение

I. Почему иезуиты, масоны и сионисты не могут иметь религию или верить в нее

II. Иезуиты, масоны и сионисты против ислама, христианства и иудаизма

III. Восточная древность масонов

IV. Восточная древность ордена иезуитов

V. Сионисты до иудаизма

VI. Месопотамское касситское происхождение сионистов

VII. Касситы и мерзость Мардука-Яхве

VIII. Гути, касситы, Потоп и сионизм

IX. Гути, касситы, Гог и Магог, Нечистые народы и Александр Македонский

X. Евреи, фальшивые евреи, Александр Македонский, династия Селевкидов и Иосиф Флавий.

XI. Евреи, фальшивые евреи, фарисеи, саддукеи, ессеи и римляне

XII. Гог, хазары и ашкеназский сионизм

Introduction

In the present article, I will expand on issues pertaining to the divergent Western agendas about Jerusalem and the ‘Promised Land’; it is essential to keep in mind that these secret plans and projects, which have been implemented already over the past centuries, are not ‘political’, ‘ideological’ or ‘philosophical’ of nature, but spiritual, religious and more particularly eschatological-messianic-soteriological. However, they cannot be truly comprehended without a deep understanding of the antiquity of the secret orders, which fight against one another in order to implement their eschatological schedules that are at the very antipodes of one another. 

For a more effective comprehension of the nature of the three secret orders and of the clash of their respective agendas, an earlier article published in 2017 would help:

Zionist – Freemasonic – Jesuit Agendas in Conflict or Superposition: End Times’ Sequence & Trajectories; https://megalommatis.wordpress.com/2017/06/08/zionist-freemasonic-jesuit-agendas-in-conflict-or-superposition-end-times-sequence-trajectories/ https://www.academia.edu/33381068/Zionist_Freemasonic_Jesuit_Agendas_in_Conflict_or_Superposition_End_Times_Sequence_and_Trajectories

Because of the aforementioned statement, several clarifications are needed. When I speak of ‘religious’ agendas, I do not -by all means- suggest that these schemes are Islamic, Christian (all denominations included) and Jewish (or Judaic). Jesuits, Freemasons and Zionists can invariably be Jews, Christians and Muslims, pretty much like they may appear in public as Buddhists, Taoists, Sikhs, agnostics, irreligious or atheists; these details depend exclusively on the assignment entrusted to the initiate by his venerable.

Are Societas Jesu, the diverse Freemasonic orders and lodges, and the different Zionist synagogues religious organizations that preach independent religions and systems of faith among their adepts and initiates?

I. Why Jesuits, Freemasons and Zionists cannot have or believe in a religion

The response to this question is very intricate; it hinges on the differences between spirituality, religion, moral, cult, popular religion, and theology. In fact, all three secret societies abhor moral, cult, popular religion and folk traditions; in addition, they don’t need theology. As they function as secret societies, they initiate their members and they extract most of the spiritual and material energy and dynamism that are inherent in them while assigning them tasks to carry out; they also promote them according to their spiritual skills. Spiritual potency is their top secret that they keep sealed off; to avoid infiltration, they incessantly work closely with different spiritual hierarchies and they initiate their members, taking them from lies to lies and sharing with them the portion of spiritual truth that corresponds to their respective grades.

Of the existing, publicly known religions, all three secret societies have a very low opinion that they hide by expressing recognition and respect in public, although in the case of Zionism these feelings are rather pale. One should not confuse between Jewish religion and the Zionist synagogue; the latter has developed a truly profane reading of the Hebrew Bible.

That’s why those among the members of the three secret societies, who reject the assumption that each of the said organizations preaches a religion, are in right. If we take into consideration the succinct and very analytical definition of ‘religion’ that I presented in my article ‘Anatolia and Turkey: Spirituality, Moral, Culture, Legend, Popular Religion, Governance, Religion, Theology & Politics’ (p. 27/64 of the PDF; https://www.academia.edu/89267447/Anatolia_and_Turkey_Spirituality_Moral_Culture_Legend_Popular_Religion_Governance_Religion_Theology_and_Politics), then certainly Societas Jesu, the Freemasonic orders and lodges, and the Zionist synagogues do not preach a ‘religion’, and they are not religious organizations.

In fact, these organizations are not compatible with any religion; the reason is simple: every religion is for a people, whereas these segregations can only exist as a direct denial of the notion of ‘people’, because in every case of a people or nation, the non-members (of the secret societies) are the outcasts who are labeled as ‘profane’, ‘vulgar’ and ‘indecent’. These secretive orders believe that they constitute the ‘elite’; this is an evil, viciously anti-Godly notion that did not exist in the History of Mankind.

As ahistorical concept, the ‘elite’ is the ultimate corruption generator, as it consists in the most solemn introduction of Injustice among humans. Prior to the formation of these groups, there was absolutely no notion of ‘elite’ in any nation and in any language worldwide, because every emperor or king was a brave combatant who used to fight along with all the other soldiers to defend or expand their realm. All royal rulers were fraternal with their respective fighters and people in general.

In Ancient Egypt, the initiation of apprentice priests and mystics did not bring about any social disconnection and differentiation from the rest. As spiritual process, it took the form of impersonation of aspects of the divine from the initiate, who had to imitate the divine trait, radiate it in his life, and explore its endless forms. In striking contrast to modern practices, the fear of God instilled a feeling of expansion, not contraction in the souls of the novice.

The idea of ‘elite’ is direct rejection of the concept of Creation, because it suggests that God made a mistake and He should have created two Adams instead, one being the forefather of the elite (or superior race), and another belonging to the average people. By accepting the existence of elites, every faithful becomes instantaneously infidel, because such an approach is tantamount to blasphemy, irrespective of the religion of the person.

How can we then accurately and succinctly define these secretive orders?

II. Jesuits, Freemasons and Zionists vs. Islam, Christianity and Judaism

Societas Jesu, the Freemasonic orders and lodges, and the Zionist synagogues are forces that contend to break the unity of soul, mind and body in every human in order to enslave all the people of every country where they extend their activities. The nature of their endeavors is primarily spiritual, and their target is to achieve spiritual potency, acquire knowledge, and garner material force in order to effectuate their agendas. They therefore function as pyramidal hierarchies, which is spiritually and morally intolerable, and -even worse- export their sick and evil pattern to the societies where they exist, inevitably turning them to hierarchical pyramids. In doing so, they incessantly distort the historical past of all nations in order to effectively adjust it to their anomaly.

If the three orders do not preach any but revile all the religions, this is due to their traumatic spirituality that they inevitably, incessantly and irreversibly attempt to vindicate, being unable to perceive reality sentimentally. The traumatic experience that their members undergo at the spiritual level is at the origin of their absolute inadaptability to religion. This is their ‘initiation’, which is entirely different from historically attested cases of sacerdotal initiation in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia.

Viewing things differently, one could offer an invariable definition; the religion of the Jesuits, the Freemasons, and the Zionists is imperfect and incomplete. This is so because their initiation(s) is(are) always a case of spiritual dispossession followed by mystical inhabitation, which is more commonly known as demonic enslavement. This process terminates their sentimental life, inevitably engulfing them in incessant biases which are all due to the demoniacal nature of their spiritual protectors who inhabit them.

However, quite unfortunately for them, all three secret orders are inextricably related to two religions; i.e. Ancient Hebrew religion (including the derivative form of Judaism) and Christianity (notably the Catholic and Protestant versions of this faith). That is why in the countries where these organizations prevailed, there is much discussion about, propaganda for, and pride in the false concept of ‘Judeo-Christian civilization’. This is part of the falsehood that they ‘teach’ and diffuse worldwide.

For some of their earlier forms of religious order that the Freemasons had created, one can ascertain that those organizations were also related to Orthodox Christianity, notably the nuclei of several Eastern Roman Constantinopolitan chariot racing factions: the Russati/Ρούσσοι and the Albati/Λευκοί). The same can be concluded about Islam with respect to the early Mutazilla or Mu’tazilites (المعتزلة), the Brethren of Purity (Ikhwan al-Safa; إخوان‌ الصفا), and some branches of Isma’ilis (الإسماعيلية) or Isma’ilites.

Double-leaf frontispiece from the “Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity”; from Baghdad, 1287 (today in Süleymaniye Library)

The relation that the Jesuits, the Freemasons, and the Zionists have had with these two religions hinges mainly on the associated sacred texts, namely the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament), the Talmud, and the New Testament. It goes without saying that all modern conflicts and polarizations about the numerous translations (to modern languages) which were produced, and in particular those of the Old Testament, hinge on the quarrel among these three orders about the correct and authentic interpretation of the ancient text. KJV (King James Version) is a particularly biased translation that involves thousands of distortions and misinterpretations; it cannot possibly be used as a fair point of reference by anyone except the Freemasons.

As a matter of fact, one of the best and most accurate definitions that one can create about each of the three secret societies is that they are “an often biased but publicly unknown, purposefully different reading of the sacred texts”. Actually, these are not theoretical but practical differences that emanate from the contrasts which exist in the respective eschatological, soteriological and messianic agendas; it is evident that those preconceived agendas dictate actually the reading and the ensuing translations.

This explains both, the eschatological-messianic-soteriological nature of their respective agendas (the sacred texts comprise similar notions indeed) and the systematic and enduring infiltration into the related religious organizations and ecclesiastical bodies that the three orders have methodically undertaken; in the process, they attempted to impose their ‘reading of the sacred texts’ onto the unsuspicious, naïve and innocent faithful.

Catacombs of Saints Marcellinus and Peter (3 km southeast of Rome and the ancient Via Labicana); from top: Orants, Jonah and the Whale; Moses striking the rock (left); Noah praying in the ark; Adoration of the Magi; ca. 200–250 CE

It therefore goes without saying that the sacred texts of Judaism and Christianity were not comprehended by both, the sacerdotal class and the laymen, in the way they have been interpreted and believed after the infiltration of the aforementioned three secret organizations and their ancestral forms. There is certainly a distinction that we have to make. The Zionists did not attempt to infiltrate Christianity; only recently (over the past 200 years), they created pro-Zionist churches and groups of people who impersonated the Christians. On the contrary, Jesuits and Freemasons, in their earlier, ancestral forms, infiltrated Christianity since the very initial stages of the formation of this religion. In fact, the emergence of Roman Christianity, the many Christological disputes, the different ‘heresies’, and many internecine clashes in Western European Christianity were the result of the incessant strives between the previous forms that the two secret orders had taken; they were trying to pull the religion under formation to their side, to control it spiritually and intellectually, and to adjust it to their secret concepts and agendas.

The Oriental origin of the three secret societies antedates the establishment of the Early Christian groups; both, the Freemasons and the Jesuits, originate from different Gnostic sects, and from earlier sacerdotal colleges of Mesopotamia and Egypt whose roots can be traced back to the 3rd millennium BCE. By saying so, I don’t suggest that the Jesuits and the Freemasons believe in any of the Ancient Egyptian and Assyrian-Babylonian religions, although several concepts have certainly been maintained and therefore survived. As I already said, for their members it is technically impossible to worship any religion due to the harmful rituals of initiation that they have gradually adopted.

III. The Oriental Antiquity of the Freemasons

Basic cosmological, eschatological and messianic concepts of the Ancient Egyptian Iwnw Heliopolitan religion, seminal notions of Amarna Atenism (or Atonism), and the fundamental elements of the Sargonid Assyrian monotheism, involving notably the conceptualization of topics like the ‘Chosen People’, the ‘Promised Land’, the ‘Righteous Suffering’, the ‘Universal Empire’, the ‘Emperor of the Universe’, the ‘Return of the Chosen People’, the ‘End of Times’, etc. have been transferred within the Ancient Hebrew Bible, and thanks to them, the Freemasonic nebula was easily able during the Late Antiquity to dissimulate its spiritual-intellectual identity and posture as Biblical and Christian, though often heretic (Montanism, Arianism, etc.), although they wasted enormous spiritual and intellectual resources in Gnosticisms and pagan philosophies.

Wall painting from the Tomb of Nefertari, royal consort of Ramses II, at the Valley of the Queens, Luxor West: Nefertari (left) and the ram-headed god Khnum (divine inspector of the sources of the Nile), surrounded by Isis (right) and Nephthys (left) with their respective symbols atop of their heads; in Ancient Egypt, Isis symbolized the sacerdotal college of the Ancient Freemasons and Nephthys represented the ancestral priesthood of the Jesuits.

IV. The Oriental Antiquity of the Jesuit Order

Basic parts of the Ancient Egyptian Memphitic polytheistic dogma and cosmology (ab ovo creation by Ptah), notions of the Theban Trinity (Amun, Mut and Khonsu), the theory of Theogamy (promulgated as imperial dogma by Pharaoh Hatshepsut), fundamental Babylonian polytheistic concepts, notably the dying-and-reborn-‘god’ Dumuzid (Tammuz) and Nergalism, i.e. the Cuthean Vallis lacrimarum (Vale of tears), selected themes of Mithraic Iranian background, and the Manichaean school of thought were all anathema to the Ancient Hebrew religion and to Judaism, but they managed to make their way into the Christian cult and narratives, duly adapted and appended to the stories of the early Gospels. Due to this slow process that lasted several centuries, the Memphitic sacerdotal class -through the biases of Origenism, thanks to St John Cassian’s Institutes and Conferences, and due to the Benedictine Order, and later the Jesuits- seized power in Rome and turned it to the center of the most instinctively Anti-Christian force (or, if you prefer the terminology of John’s Revelation, ‘Babylon the Great’).

V. The Zionists before Judaism

The relationship of the Zionist order with Judaism was different; whereas the ancestral forms of the Freemasons and the Jesuits emanate from the sacerdotal environment of 4th and 3rd millennium BCE Mesopotamia and Egypt, the Zionist institution was totally unrelated to the early stages of the faith of Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, Elijah and Jonah. Either in Mesopotamia, Canaan or Egypt, the Ancient Hebrews were Assyrian-Babylonian and Egyptian monotheists, who had to abandon their lands and emigrate in order to preserve their monotheistic faith and survive.

Above: Tablet XI of the Epic of Gilgamesh, containing the Flood myth; below: clay tablet from Babylon, praising Nebuchadnezzar as ‘king of justice’.

Pretty much like Abraham opposed Nimrud (mythologized as Gilgamesh) in Mesopotamia, Moses stood up to the Pharaoh of Egypt; subsequently, they both had to leave and settle elsewhere. Later, the spiritual, intellectual, cultural and linguistic Canaanization of the Ancient Hebrews, although strongly opposed by the prophets, was overwhelming. Finally, it led to the Assyrian conquest of Samaria (722 BCE), the transportation of the entire population of the Northern kingdom (Israel) to the NE provinces of Assyria, and the subsequent loss of the ten tribes, which have been later called ‘the ten lost tribes’; these developments were tantamount to salvation and they were prophesied as heralding their return (along with that of the Assyrians) at the End of Time. As it can be understood, these prophetic events have nothing to do with the Jews. The destruction of the smaller Southern kingdom (Judah) by Nebuchadnezzar (587 BCE) and the exile of the two tribes (: the Jews) to Babylonia brought about the end of the Ancient Hebrew religion of which minimal traces have been left down to our times.

Above: Abraham cast into fire by Nimrod, from Zubdat-al Tawarikh, a 1583 Ottoman manuscript; below: Nebuchadnezzar’s forces at the siege of Jerusalem, as depicted in a 10th-century Catalan manuscript

There was no Zionism in Ancient Israel; on the contrary, there was constant criticism of the Canaanization process by the prophets. All the liars and propagandists, who believe today that the Torah (Pentateuch) and the other books of the Tanakh {: the Modern Hebrew appellation of the Old Testament, consisting of three initials from Torah, Nevi’im (prophets), and the Ketuvim (‘writings’; i.e. all the other books, namely the ‘Sifrei Kodesh’/ ספרי קודש)} may have been preserved down to our times in the form in which they were initially written before the fall of Jerusalem (587 BCE), either foolishly forget or deliberately conceal the extent of the disaster and the dire conditions under which the exiled Jews had to move, cross a distance of about 1000 km, and reach the whereabouts of the Babylonian capital.

First, they were dispossessed of almost everything; second, they had minimal and primitive means of transportation; third, it is not certain (or even mentioned in any historical source) that they managed to transport with them at least one copy of the Old Testament; in addition, we still do not know the type of support on which it was written (tablets, papyri, etc.). The most plausible interpretation is that, since the Ark of the Covenant was not transported to Babylon (but lost), no significant monuments were taken by the departing Jews, who had to cross on foot a harsh and long terrain before reaching Mesopotamia.

Tablet containing part of the Neo-Babylonian Chronicle which covers the years 605-594 BCE of Nebuchadnezzar’s reign (605-562 BCE); the cuneiform text describes in brief the first conquest of Jerusalem and the surrender of Jehoiakim, king of Judah, in 597 BCE. It is a copy of the original tablet; approximate date: ca. 500 BCE; origin: Babylon, currently in the British Museum

VI. The Mesopotamian Kassite Origin of the Zionists

It is in 6th c. BCE Babylonia where the early manifestation of the Zionist organization can be attested as being in contact with the exiled Jews; as a matter of fact, the then Zionists were Babylonian polytheistic priests, who read the parts of the sacred texts that the Jews may have managed to bring with them (most probably in fragmentary form), heard their oral traditions, and assessed their broken spirituality and its high origin.

By selecting exiled Jewish laymen and by helping them write down their texts and oral traditions, the Babylonian Zionists first introduced several Assyrian-Babylonian spiritual, religious, intellectual and literary concepts in those texts, always adapting them to the Judaic/Jewish context, and second conditioned the value of the origin Biblical texts, as they appended them to secondary texts that were not due to divine inspiration but merely to explanatory intention. When the limits between divinely inspired text and human explanation were confused, the original religion (Ancient Hebrew religion) was altered and corrupted. Subsequently, a new religion (Judaism) emerged based on different books (and this case, the Old Testament, the Talmud, etc.). More importantly, extra texts and stories have been added, like the Table of Nations, which reflected already a clear Zionist (not Hebrew) purpose.

With the earlier Jewish rabbis executed and eliminated, a segment of the Babylonian polytheistic sacerdotal class converted to ‘Judaism’, as soon as it became obvious that they could dissimulate their origin and identity, while posturing as monotheists and having available the texts that would empower them to lay claim to Jerusalem. Their persistence in the importance of a selected soil had already been attested historically in Ancient Mesopotamia. One must see these developments within the wider spiritual, religious, intellectual and cultural context of the Neo-Sumerian, Ancient Assyrian-Babylonian, and Middle Assyrian-Babylonian times.

Several Ancient Assyrian monotheistic notions, concepts and worldviews, which had earlier caused incessant wars and long conflicts between the monotheist Assyrians and the polytheist Babylonians, were transferred in the extensively re-written ‘holy scriptures’ of the Jews by this Babylonian-‘Jewish’ polytheistic sacerdotal class. This was necessary because these evil spiritual-religious authorities would use them in a gravely altered, duly adapted and counterfeit form for the benefit of their worldview and eschatological attempt (due to the absence of the Ancient Assyrians and the ten tribes of Israel). This is how ancient Mesopotamian spiritual sciences, practices, techniques and exercises made their way into this totally anti-Hebrew, ‘Jewish’ religion, involving divination, magic, astronomy-astrology, the olfactory science and the sonar science (including mystical sonar formulas that are nowadays called ‘Kabbalah’).

The origin of these Babylonian-‘Jewish’ priests, mystics and wise elders should not be considered as necessarily Semitic, in striking contrast to the ancestry of the majority of the Babylonians. Mesopotamia had already had a very long past when the king Nebuchadnezzar brought the exiled population of Judah to Mesopotamia. Several non-Semitic nations had settled and at times ruled Babylon; notably, the Kassites (Kashu in Assyrian-Babylonian; Galzu in Kassite) descended from Zagros Mountains and took control of ‘Gate of God’ (Bab-Ili), after the Hittite conquest of Central Mesopotamia led by Mursili I (1596).

In fact, according to the 1st millennium BCE Babylonian king lists, the Kassite dynasty reigned (with capital at Dur-Kurigalzu; today’s Aqar Quf) for no less than 576 years; their effective rule started in 1595 BCE and ended ca. 1155 BCE, with the Elamite invasion and sack of Babylon by Shutruk Nakhunte. The fact that the Babylonian king lists included a period of reign much longer means that they included a period of tribal rule (before 1595 BCE) limited in South Zagros that the list authors considered as opposed to the Amorite (usually known as the First) dynasty of Babylon. This demonstrates a fully separate, tribal-national identity and self-consciousness; it means that the Kassites lived as an independent sect among the Babylonians, during and after the fall of the Kassite dynasty.  About:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassites

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dur-Kurigalzu

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassite_language

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassite_dynasty

Unfinished kudurru (border stele) from the end of the Kassite period, attributed to the reign of Melishipak (1186–1172 BCE); it was unearthed in Susa, where it had been taken as war booty by the invading Elamite army in the 12th c. BCE (Louvre, Paris)

Detail

Written by a Kassite Babylonian scribe in the 2nd half of the 2nd millennium BCE, the Chronicle P (named after its first editor, the English Assyriologist T. G. Pinches) offers a very biased interpretation of the incessant conflicts between the Kassite Babylonian rulers and the Assyrian kings. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronicle_P

Kudurru dated to the reign of Marduk-apla-iddina I (1171-1159 BCE)

Reverse of clay cuneiform tablet, EA (el Amarna) 9, letter from Kassite Babylonian king Burna-Buriaš II of Karduniash (the Kassite name of Babylon) to Nibḫurrereya (the Assyrian-Babylonian version of the Pharaonic name of Tutankhamun) today in the British Museum; el Amarna is the modern Egyptian name of the location of Akhetaton, the new Pharaonic capital founded by the monotheist Akhenaten in the 14th c. BCE. Vast documentation (named ‘Tel Amarna Letters’) was found in the Pharaonic archives there, including more than 380 letters exchanged between the then world’s major emperors and kings and the Egyptian pharaohs Amenhotep III, Amenhotep IV (renamed Akhenaten after the inauguration of the new religion), and his successors. All the letters were written in cuneiform Assyrian-Babylonian, which was the World History’s first international language. About: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarna_letters

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarna_letter_EA_9

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burna-Buriash_II

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardunia%C5%A1

Seal of the Kassite Babylonian king Burna-Buriash II (1359–1333 BCE)

Molded baked-brick bas-relief of the temple of Ishtar, which was rebuilt by the Kassite Babylonian king Karaindaš in Uruk; ca. 1410 BCE

The zikkurat of Dur Kurigalzu, original Kassite capital in Babylonia (in today’s Aqar Quf)

Cylinder seal of the Kassite Babylonian king Kurigalzu II (1332–1308 BCE)

VII. The Kassites and the Abomination of Marduk-Yahweh

The monotheist Assyrians considered the Kassites as an execrable abomination and they viewed their rule as an abhorrent desecration of Babylon, the holiest city of Mesopotamia; after the collapse of Kassite Babylonia, the Assyrians incessantly interfered in, and repeatedly invaded, Babylon in order to purify the land, re-sanctify the local elements, and eliminate the Kassite priests. As the Kassite and post-Kassite rise of ‘Marduk’ was a blasphemy and an outrage, the Assyrians made of Assur the universal and only God, whose emanations were all the other divinities; for the monotheist Assyrians, the Marduk could only be the Babylonian copy of Assur. It was therefore normal for them to attempt to eliminate the Kassite polytheistic priesthood whose blasphemous interpretation of the Ancient Assyrian-Babylonian spiritual heritage demanded terminal solution and physical annihilation.

As the subsequent alliance between Babylon and Elam strengthened the anti-Assyrian, anti-monotheist front, the Sargonids (722-609 BCE), empowered by Prophet Jonah’s preaching in Nineveh, managed to vanquish Elam and exterminate all the Elamites who did not early escape far to the East. But they could not do the same in the most ancient and most venerable, yet corrupted city of Babylon; they could only eliminate the evil Kassite priests. This was what they did continuously for no less than 500 years.

An extensive comparative religious study would reveal that the fundamental traits of Kassite and post-Kassite Marduk (and notably the anthropomorphic traits) have been passed onto Yahweh of the J (Jahwist) source of the Pentateuch. But the God of Adam, Noah, Abraham and Moses was «ilu» (the Assyrian-Babylonian word for «God»), which was rendered as Elohim in Ancient Hebrew, and that is why the E (Elohist) source of the Torah prevails in the earlier stages of the text.   

Above: Marduk depicted on a 9th c. BCE cylinder seal of the post-Kassite Babylonian king Marduk-zakir-shumi I; the god of the Kassite Babylonian polytheists appears mounted on his permanent companion, the fierce snake Mush-khushu (Mušḫuššu). Below: 8th c. BCE Neo-Assyrian seal showing a worshipper between Nabu and Marduk, standing on their servant dragons

The zikkurat Etemenanki (lit. ‘Temple of the foundation of Heaven and Earth’) and, further south, the temple Esagila (: ‘temple with the lofty top’); by placing the statue of Marduk in the temple, the Kassites desecrated Babylon.

Air view

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etemenanki

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esagila

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statue_of_Marduk

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C5%A1%E1%B8%ABu%C5%A1%C5%A1u

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89_(temple)

It is easy now to reconstruct what truly took place among the exiled Jews in Babylonia; the old Kassite-Babylonian polytheistic priesthood decided to hijack the Biblical heritage by

– sacrilegiously introducing their abomination under another divine name of Egyptian origin (Iah), lunar ascendancy, and Theban trinitarian association (many traits of Khonsu are apparent in both, Iah and Yahweh),

– systematically instituting their favorite stories as ‘Biblical’ narratives (notably their vicious hatred against Ut Napishtim / Noah, their overt predilection for the Giants / Nephilim, their worthless account of Cain’s descendants, which is totally useless for anyone to know, and their deliberate forgery which became known under the name of Table of Nations), and

– expressly demonstrating a very vivid interest for, and obdurate persistence in, certain locations, local presence, and control of land.

For the Kassite-Babylonian polytheistic priesthood’s eschatological projections, the importance of the location was paramount, and for this purpose, they introduced the Zion fanaticism among the exiled Jews; however, this process did not impact them all, and we know very well that, after the Achaemenid Iranian conquest of Babylon (539 BCE), few Jews returned to their ancestral land. The same concerned also the Jews who had fled to, and settled in, Egypt at the times of Psamtik II (595-589 BCE) and Wahibre/Apries (589-570 BCE), because they continued living in Aswan and Elephantine Island (in the South) as well as in the Delta region, without any apparent interest in the ‘Promised Land’.

I have here to markedly underscore that this is very reasonable, because as I already stated, the ‘Return to the Promised Land’, as a constituent element of the Assyrian Cosmology-Eschatology and therefore of the Biblical prophecy, concerns only the Assyrians and the ten lost tribes of Israel – not the Jews.  

More importantly, we have full proof that, in later periods, the non-Zionist Jews attempted even to attract other Jews from Jerusalem and Judaea to Egypt; there were no sacred prophecy, no religious need, and no national imperative for the Jews to further stay in Judaea/Palestine. This becomes evident thanks to the story of the land and the temple of Onias (Honiyyo) IV, the Zadokite high priest, who had a Jewish temple built in his name (ca. 170-150 BCE), near Iwnw (Heliopolis), Egypt’s most sacred site and most venerable temple–center of the Ennead, i.e. the Ancient Egyptian monotheism. He found it sensible to invite Jews from Judaea to settle there. It is not therefore strange that the Talmud and the Zionist Roman Jew Flavius Josephus contain many insults against Onias IV.

An important document of the Jewish community at the Elephantine Island, in Aswan, written in Imperial Aramaic; it is dated in the 17th year of reign of Darius II (407 BCE). Yedoniah and other priests dispatched this letter to Bagavahya (Bagoas), the Achaemenid Iranian governor of Judah, in order to demand his permission to rebuild the Jewish temple at the island, because it was destroyed by the Egyptians.

The southern end of the Elephantine Island where the Jewish temple was located

Marriage contract between Ananiah and Tamut (449 BCE); another document from the Elephantine Aramaic papyri (today in the Brooklyn Museum)

Zionism spread gradually among all Jewish communities as early as the Achaemenid times (550-330 BCE); the Maccabees (family of Mattathias ben Johanan) and the Pharisees (Prusim; priests) were controlled by the Zionist group that tried to infiltrate all the Jews in Palestine, Syria, Anatolia, Egypt and elsewhere. It is quite interesting that, following the Zionist-Jahwist infiltration, the Jews of Elephantine built a temple to Yahweh, also attaching to his cult that of his consort, the goddess Anat. About:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephantine_papyri_and_ostraca#Jewish_temple_at_Elephantine

https://www.jpost.com/opinion/op-ed-contributors/was-there-a-jewish-temple-in-ancient-egypt-318363

https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.2307/4149987

John Merlin Powis Smith, The Jewish Temple at Elephantine

The Biblical World, Vol. 31, No. 6 (Jun., 1908), pp. 448-459 (12 pages)

https://www.jstor.org/stable/3141839?typeAccessWorkflow=login

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mattathias

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maccabees

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_of_Onias

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onias_IV

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sons_of_Zadok

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zadok

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadducees

VIII. The Guti, the Kassites, the Flood, and Zionism  

Pretty much like the Kassites were a different ethnicity from the Semitic Babylonians, the Zionists who entered into mixed marriages with the exiled Jews formed a totally separate ethnic group. The few Kassite nouns and words that have been saved in cuneiform Babylonian texts do not allow us to form a conclusive opinion as regards the linguistic family and the ethnic group to which they belonged; selected Kassite nouns seem to be of Indo-European origin, but other words appear to have affinities with Turanian languages. The early settlements of the Kassites in the region of Zagros Mountains make it probable for them to have maintained contacts with other, closely related tribes and clans in Central Asia from where they seem to have originated.  

In their type of relationship with the land of their ancestors in Central Asia, the Kassites seem to have had predecessors and successors, namely tribal populations, which -despite their partly settlement in Mesopotamia- maintained contact with their relatives in their land of origin. Forerunners of the Kassites were certainly the Guti (known as Gutium in Sumerian), who played in 3rd millennium BCE Mesopotamia exactly the same role that the Kassites carried out during the 2nd millennium BCE: the blasphemous, ominous and sacrilegious non-humans who corrupt and destroy the principles, concepts and structures of civilization.

Inscription of Lugal-Anne-Mundu, king of Adab (a major Sumerian city near the modern town of Bismaya in Wasit, Iraq), who reigned for ca. 90 years in the 25th c. BCE; the text is a later copy from the reign of Ammi-Saduqa of Babylonia (17th c. BCE). Stating that he conquered the “four quarters of the world”, the Sumerian king enumerates the kingdoms and the peoples he subdued, mentioning the Guti among them. Their location was between Subartu (the Mesopotamian North) and Marhashe and Elam (in the Southeast), so clearly somewhere in the Middle-South Zagros Mountains.

Sar-e Pol-e Zohab, Western Iran near the Iraqi border: rock relief of Anubanini, king of the tribal realm of Lullubi in the 23rd c. BCE (at the time of Naram Sin of Akkad); Lullubi was part of the wider world of the Sumerian-Akkadian civilization. The inscription (partly damaged during the Iran-Iraq war), written in Akkadian (: the earliest form of Assyrian-Babylonian), details the victory of the tribal ruler over a series of enemies in the Zagros Mountains. Anubanini evokes his faith to Inanna (: Sumerian equivalent of the Assyrian-Babylonian Ishtar) and to many other Sumerian-Akkadian aspects of divinity. The rock relief shows Anubanini trampling an enemy, most probably a Guti. A later (18th – 17th c. BCE) epic, known today as Cuthean Legend of Naram-Sin, which was named ‘tupshenna pitema’ (ṭupšenna pitēma; ‘Open the tablet box’) at the time, mentions the wars undertaken by Anubanini against the barbarian and unclean Guti,

Anubanini rock relief (photo taken by Ernst Herzfeld in 1913

The inscription of the Anubanini rock relief; about: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuthean_Legend_of_Naram-Sin https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubanini

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubanini_rock_relief

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lullubi

https://iranicaonline.org/articles/gutians

Votive mace head of the Guti king La-erabum (ca. 2150 BCE) from Sippar, South Iraq; the inscription reads “La-eraab, great King of Guti” (la-e-ra-ab da-num lugal gutiim).

The Guti are mentioned also in the tablet of Lugalannatum (ca. 2130 BCE), who was the local ruler (‘patesi’) of the city-state of Umma (today’s Tell Jokha in the province Dhi Qar, in South Iraq). About: https://cdli.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/articles/cdlb/2015-2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lugalannatum

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umma

The parallels are incredible; in the same manner the sinful and impious Kassites contaminated Babylon in the early 16th c. BCE, the wicked Guti desecrated Akkad (‘Agade’ in Assyrian-Babylonian), the world’s first universal and imperial capital of Sargon (Sharrukin) of Akkad at the end of the 23rd c. BCE. The Guti infiltration caused the ‘malediction of Akkad’ by Ishtar, the fall of the universal Akkadian Empire, and the Flood. This ‘curse’ is not only a spiritual fact, but also a critical historical text that details the collapse of the earliest Semitic rule at the end of the reign of Naram Sin (2254-2218 BCE), son of Rimush and grandson of Sargon of Akkad.

In the Malediction of Akkad (Old Babylonian edition, verses 140-155), it is stated that «the good sense left Agade», «Agade’s intelligence was removed», and «Enlil, the roaring storm that subjugates the entire land, the rising deluge that cannot be confronted, was considering what should be destroyed», whereas the Guti are described as «an unbridled people, with human intelligence but canine instincts and monkeys’ features». About:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gutian_people

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gutian_language

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gutian_rule_in_Mesopotamia

https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=t.2.1.5#

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%C3%A9diction_d%27Akkad

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naram-Sin_of_Akkad#The_Curse_of_Akkad

https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/section2/tr215.htm

https://www.academia.edu/35404348/The_Curse_of_Agade_Naram_Sins_Battle_with_the_Gods_Article_Ancient_History_Encyclopedia

https://www.academia.edu/38575264/The_Curse_of_Agade

https://www.lemonde.fr/ete-2007/article/2007/08/14/agade-capitale-maudite-et-perdue_944373_781732.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkad_(city)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sargon_of_Akkad

For the time being and on the basis of hitherto found, studied and published texts, we cannot affirm that there is an ethnic connection between the Guti and the Kassites; their respective languages are scarcely known and only some nouns and words survived from both of them, written in cuneiform Akkadian (: Assyrian-Babylonian) texts. But on account of their vice, profanity, and barbarism, we can deduce that their behavioral resemblance may be possibly due to a tribal affinity that can be traced back to their land of origin somewhere in Central Asia or even Mongolia, Central and Eastern Siberia.

Similarly with the Kassites, the Guti had targeted the Mesopotamian civilization, descending from Middle Zagros (where they had first settled), raiding cities, and profaning whatever they touched; their control of Mesopotamia lasted almost a century (2141 – ca. 2050 BCE). As it happened following the collapse of Kassite Babylonia, after the fall of their rule, the Guti left bad memories that the Neo-Sumerians, notably Ur-Nammu (2112-2094 BCE) and the rulers of the Third Dynasty of Ur, as well as the Assyrians-Babylonians never forgot. About:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ur-Nammu

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Dynasty_of_Ur

The association of the Guti with the Flood, which was first prophesied in Sumerian and Akkadian texts, then came to pass as an overwhelming event, and later was amply narrated in Assyrian-Babylonian historical, cosmological, and mythological texts, is of cardinal importance; in fact, the abominable deeds of the Guti were the true reason for the Flood. The limits of the present article do not allow me to expand further, but I have to point out that the narrative differences between the Sumerian and the Assyrian-Babylonian sacred texts about the Flood (notably Atrahasis, the Eridu Genesis, Gilgamesh, the Instructions of Shuruppak, etc.) and the Biblical story are in reality due to the perversion of the Kassite Babylonian-‘Jewish’ polytheistic sacerdotal class that we can describe as ‘Zionist priesthood’.

Above: cylinder seal of Ur-Nammu, founder of the Third Dynasty of Ur (Neo-Sumerian period), bearing an inscription part of which reads: “Ur-Nammu, the Great man, King of Ur”; below: stele of Ur-Nammu found in Ur in 1927 (currently in Penn Museum): only the lower part of the Sumerian king’s body is seen, as he is depicted standing in front of Nanna (Sumerian equivalent of Sin, who was symbolized by the Moon) and the Holy Tree.

Ur-Nammu’s Code of Laws: the oldest in World History About: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_of_Ur-Nammu and https://cdli-gh.github.io/year-names/HTML/T6K1.htm

Fully adjusted to their interests, the Biblical account is composed in a way to obscure the truth that the Guti did indeed survive during the Flood due to the full support offered to them by their masters, namely the Giants. This explains the force of the words that the Assyrians and the Babylonians used in order to describe the Guti so negatively, so badly and so pejoratively. The only reason for which the Assyrian and Babylonian monotheists, namely the high priests, the spiritual mystics and the wise scholars of Nineveh, Babylon and so many other high places, reviled the Guti, the Kassites and the Elamites so strongly is related to the sacrilege, the uncleanness, and the inhumanity that they discerned in those evil races. It is obvious that, in this context, ‘unclean’ refers to blood and semen; the use of the term involves the foremost transgression, therefore implying sexual intercourse with non-humans.

IX. Guti, Kassites, Gog & Magog, Unclean Nations, and Alexander the Great   

Located in Central Asia, the forefathers of the Guti and the Kassites seem to have had an affinity with the clan of Gog which was mentioned few times in the Bible (Genesis 10:2; 1 Chronicles 5:4; Ezekiel 38:1-23; 39:1-29). The Old Testament has indeed only brief references to this clan; the bulk of them are to be found in the Book of Ezekiel, in the description of a clearly eschatological event. However, the ancient wickedness perpetrated by Gog, which may/might have been included in the original Biblical text, was duly erased from the text.

The Book of Ezekiel, which was composed and circulated in an early form in the 6th c. BCE, is the only Old Testament text that offers an insight into the end times’ clash between Israel (namely the ten lost tribes/ not the Jews) and the alliance set up by (the offspring of) Gog. This eschatological narrative may have played a role in the Kassite Babylonian polytheistic priests’ decision to convert to Judaism, impersonate the Jews, and thus effectively ‘transform’ themselves (and their scattered and unclean nation) into ‘Jews’, i.e. a ‘Chosen People’ supposedly predestined to ‘return’ to their ‘Promised Land’; this evildoing would and actually did function as the perfect smokescreen throughout ages. In this manner, the viciously anti-Semitic, Zionist priesthood of the unclean tribes or nations would posture as a Semitic, pious, and clean people that was chosen by God.  

It is however in the literary-epic-eschatological masterpiece that is conventionally known under the name ‘Alexander Romance’, and more particularly in the Syriac version (which is denoted rather as the ‘Syriac Alexander Legend’), as well as in a great multitude of valuable Islamic sources, that we first come across with the true identification of Gog (and ‘Magog’; in Arabic Yajuj and Majuj; يأجوج ومأجوج) and the characterization of this ‘ethnic group’ as an abhorrently ‘unclean nation’. With this enormous amount of textual narratives we reach the third historical stage of the impious, inhuman and sacrilegious populations (in Greek: ρυπαρά γένη); Gog is the apparent spiritual-intellectual-behavioral continuity of the Guti and the Kassites whose origin was, as I already said, in Central Asia. Due to the aforementioned abundant sources, we have a remarkable insight into what prevented the unclean nations from advancing their evildoing prior to the End of Times. I have however to add at this point that all the existing references to Gog are not historical, but either mythological or eschatological. About:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gog_and_Magog

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gog_and_Magog#Midrashic_writings

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Romance

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriac_Alexander_Legend

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theories_about_Alexander_the_Great_in_the_Quran

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhu_al-Qarnayn

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Яджудж_и_Маджудж

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Гог_и_Магог

The profane pattern, the cultural rejection, and the civilizational abjuration of the Guti and the Kassites had become a constant parameter of the Assyrian-Babylonian History; irrespective of the monotheist opposition that these impious and inhuman populations generated, the faithful followers of monotheism and the numerous pious emperors encountered always great difficulty to prevent the infiltration in their state, the amalgamation with other nations, and the dissimulation undertaken by the evil and impious nations. This situation lasted from the end of the 3rd millennium BCE to the end of the 4th c. BCE, during the Neo-Sumerian times (2112-2004 BCE), the Old Assyrian times (2025-1701 BCE), the Old Babylonian times (2003-1595 BCE), the Middle Assyrian times (1700-1364 BCE), the Neo-Assyrian times (1363-722), the Sargonid Empire (722-609 BCE) and the Achaemenid Iranian Empire (550-330 BCE).

Representation of the monster of Gog and Magog from a miniature of the Walters manuscript W659190B: copy of the famous geographer and cosmographer Zakariya al-Qazwini’s masterpiece ‘Wonders of the Creation and Oddities of the Existence’ (Aja’ib al-makhluqat wa-ghara’ib al-mawjudat; عجائب المخلوقات وغرائب الموجودات) that was composed in the middle of the 13th c. About: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aja%27ib_al-Makhluqat https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakariya_al-Qazwini

Alexander builds the wall against Gog and Magog; miniature of a manuscript of Nizami Ganjavi’s Khamsa (Quintet), ca. 1580-1590

The erection of the wall against Gog and Magog

Led by their Master, namely Satan, the unclean nations Gog and Magog attack and finally take hold of the Holy City: Miniature from the Russian book «Апокалипсис трехтолковый» (Apokalipsis trekhtolkoviy/The Apocalypse of Three Senses; chapter 63: ‘About Goz and Magoz’) that was printed in the Moscow Printing House of the Old Believers 1909; the miniature was taken from a manuscript of the first half of the 17th c. This Russian miniature reminds us that, according to several Christian Orthodox traditions, the unclean nations were expected to occupy Jerusalem for the span of one generation prior to the End of Times. The recurrent theme of the naked or quasi-naked appearance of the unclean nations in representations produced in different cultural, religious and artistic environments is not due to a certain artistic invention but to a historical hint; it reveals that the origin of their uncleanness was a lawless intercourse. About: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Believers

Emperor Theophilos of the Eastern Roman Empire (Θεόφιλος; reigned 829-842) as portrayed in the miniature of a manuscript of John Skylitzes’ Chronicle (Σύνοψις Ἱστοριῶν), which was written 200 years later. The basileus is meaningfully depicted as protected by two Varangian soldiers, who were rumored to be representatives of Gog and Magog. The rumors reveal however how falsehood is diffused by secret societies; evildoers project onto others what they inherently are, thus exempting themselves from the evil that inhabits them.

Gog and Magog today as per the intuition of a Russian artist; from: https://golosislama.com/news.php?id=4979

Details from the Catalan Atlas (1375), which is currently in the Bibliothèque Nationale, in Paris; this part of the map shows the land named ‘Gog i Magog’; there, we see the local king riding his horse while the people of the land follow in a procession. Quite interestingly, the map also includes a representation of Alexander’s Gate, Alexander himself, and the Antichrist (upside down), whereas the mechanical trumpeters herald the forthcoming ages. The eschatological dimension of the topic is ostensible.

Gog and Magog eating people; miniature from a 14th c. manuscript, fol. 60v, 63v, 65, leaves containing recension of Thomas de Kent, Roman de toute chevalerie (1308-1312), Bibliothèque nationale de France (24364); the recurrent theme of nakedness of the unclean nations is attested here as well.

The Alexander Romance is deliberately a most disrespected, most disregarded, and most evaded historical text that offers expansive description of how the Macedonian king Alexander the Great invaded Achaemenid Iran and substituted himself to the Achaemenid Shah in order to carry out the work that Cyrus I, Cambyses, Darius I and Xerxes I had failed to implement. The marvelous work involved the erection of a wall to separate the impious nations from Iran and the rest of the world. Around this narrative nucleus revolve many other mythical topics that reflect historical events in symbolic manner. It goes without saying that Alexander’s wall against Gog and Magog was a formidable spiritual obstacle that the impious nations would be unable to overcome until the End of Time.

The mystical wall of Alexander the Great has nothing to do with what centuries later proved to be the World History’s greatest monument after the Great Wall of China, namely the Great Wall of Gorgan; the majestic Sassanid imperial defense system, which is more than 200 km long, was built in the 5th and 6th c. CE, but during the Islamic times, it was often confused with Alexander’s wall against Gog and Magog because the location of the impious nations was thought to be in parts of Central Asia beyond Gorgan and more specifically around the northern coastlands of the Caspian Sea. About: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Wall_of_Gorgan

The confusion of the Sassanid imperial wall with the mystical wall erected by the Macedonian King and Iranian Emperor Alexander the Great was overwhelming in the Islamic literature and art; however, this fact does not change in anything the functionality of the spiritual wall, which was erected in order to obstruct the Zionist scheme and to prevent the Kassite Babylonian polytheistic priests from achieving the targets of the secret plan that started with their conversion to Judaism, the formation of the class of the Prusim/Pharisees priests, and the elaboration of the paradoxical (as per the Ancient Hebrew religion’s criteria) books of Judaism (Talmud, Mishnah, etc.).

X. Jews, Fake Jews, Alexander the Great, the Seleucid Dynasty, and Flavius Josephus  

At this point, I have to make it clear that one must never confuse the sacrilegious priesthood with the impious nation; the Kassite Babylonian polytheists, who impersonated the Jewish priests and carried out an extensive amalgamation -and therefore corruption- project due to intermarriages between the exiled Jews and the Guti and Kassite residents in 6th c. BCE Babylonia, were the evil ruling class that consciously implemented an eschatological plan to desecrate the Mankind and in the process destroy the Earth; the hijacked and corrupted nation was a mere tool in the priesthood’s hands.

As they intended to turn selected individuals from other nations into impious humans and corrupt beings, they ordered the mass conversion of the Kassite Babylonians to Judaism and they undertook the establishment of a network of small communities made up by amalgamated Babylonian Jews (i.e. fake Jews). After the formation of regular contact with their nucleus that had remained in the ancestral land (in Central Asia), the Kassite Babylonian Zionist priesthood started customarily dispatching numerous representatives (disguised as merchants) to faraway locations (Anatolia, Black Sea coastlands, Carthage, Western Mediterranean, etc.). The leading role played by the Aramaeans in the network of commercial roads within and beyond the Achaemenid Iran facilitated this process, because Aramaic, which has linguistic affinities with Babylonian and Ancient Hebrew, had already become a lingua franca from Western Anatolia to India to Central Asia. 

Within the vast Achaemenid Empire and, thanks to the emergence of the trade routes between China, India, East Africa, and the Mediterranean Sea, it became very easy and considerably safe for the amalgamated Babylonian ‘Jews’ to move across great distances. As many Jews had already relocated to different countries (notably to Egypt, but also in Media, as the Book of Tobit credibly informs us), the amalgamated Babylonian Jews were not easily accepted as genuine by the true Jews, and these developments generated divisions, strives, conflicts and killings.  

Diverse sources document these quarrels that lasted for hundreds of years and can be attested within Jewish or Christian religious environments. A typical example is offered by the Book of Revelation, in which (chapter 3) the Early Christian Church of Philadelphia (modern city of Alaşehir, near Magnesia/Manisa, Western Turkey) is mentioned (3:9; New International Version/NIV) as it follows: “I will make those who are of the synagogue of Satan, who claim to be Jews though they are not, but are liars—I will make them come and fall down at your feet and acknowledge that I have loved you”.

The Cave of the Apocalypse where John the Apostle, according to the Fathers of the Christian Church, wrote the Book of the Revelation

The composition of the Talmud and the other ‘sacred’ books of the so-called Talmudic-Rabbinic Judaism had basically one target, namely to ‘de-Hebraicize’ and ‘de-Semitize’ (and therefore Zionize) the religion of the genuine Jews, i.e. to totally eliminate the Semitic, Ancient Hebrew, monotheist nature of their religion and to greatly minimize the value and the validity of the Mosaic Law among them. Subsequently, the original Biblical spirituality, faith, and religion were indeed replaced by an endless talk about them; this was indeed a drastic and most calamitous change of religion, because the religious event itself lost its spiritual importance in the minds and the hearts of the believers, as it was supplanted by the rational, explanatory talk about it.

Representation of the “magnificent Persian-style villa” in Nehardea (Central Mesopotamia, then part of the Sassanid Empire of Iran) where the leading Talmudist and exilarch Rav Huna (216-297 CE) of the Pumbedita Talmudic Academy used to receive “the elders of the community”, teach Halakha, Aggadah, etc., and write further parts of the Babylonian Talmud (Talmud Bavli). Only in the first half of the 4th c., during the days of Abba ben Joseph bar Hama (known as Rava), the Talmudic Academy was transferred to Mahoze, as it was the Jewish Babylonian Aramaic name of Tesifun/Ctesiphon (today’s Al Mada’in), the second Sassanid imperial capital. From the Diaspora Museum (formerly known as Beit Hatfutsot; בית התפוצות) in Tel Aviv. About: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehardea https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumbedita

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumbedita_Academy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmudic_academies_in_Babylonia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rav_Huna

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rava_(amora)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Mada%27in

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exilarch

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANU_-_Museum_of_the_Jewish_People

In this manner, due to their ethnic amalgamation with the Kassite Babylonian Zionists and following their religious alteration, the Jews turned out to be real ‘Goyim’ (Gentiles). For this reason, from that period (late Achaemenid and early Seleucid times), the Zionist Jews and their priesthood started an enormous effort in order to establish, propagate, and convince the other nations about the supposedly great, dramatic differentiation between them (self-styled as the ‘Chosen People’) and all the rest (goyim). It goes without saying that the supposed differentiation involved tons of arrogance, self-praise, and absurdity about those fake Jews’ supposed ‘superiority’.

The effort was entirely nonsensical and spiritually irrelevant; when the true Mosaic Law and the monotheist faith in Elohim prevailed among the Ancient Hebrews, they rightfully boasted about their acts, deeds and cult that made them different from the other nations. When post-exilic Jews lost their ethnic and religious identity, integrity, piety and purity, their supposed difference from the other nations was an outrageous lie and an evident expression of vicious hatred of the others. About: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goy

That is why Flavius Josephus had to expand on the hypothetical (?) meeting between Alexander the Great and the (post-exilic Kassite Babylonian Zionist Jewish) high priest in Jerusalem; writing after a long period of clashes, uprising, rivalry and enmity between the Seleucids and the Maccabees, the Roman-Jewish military leader, renegade and historian was a consummate Zionist. By presenting Alexander the Great as expressing respect to the Zionist Pharisee, who was in charge of the edifice founded by Zerubbabel (זְרֻבָּבֶל‏‎) at the end of the 6th c. BCE, Josephus attempted to discredit the illustrious Seleucid imperial tradition and the staunch Seleucid Anti-Zionism, which in reality was a form of esteem and approbation of the Assyrian and Hebrew Biblical monotheism. About:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaddua

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_the_Great_in_legend#Jewish_legends

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Temple

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zerubbabel

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiquities_of_the_Jews

Zerubbabel rebuilds the temple; from 15th c. manuscript miniature of the Secreta secretorum (ff. 1-43)

It is interesting that the person of Zerubbabel gave birth to a 7th c. CE Rabbinical Apocalyptic literature of extreme anti-Christian and anti-Constantinopolitan rage. In the Book of Zerubbabel (ספר זרובבל/Sefer Zerubavel; also known as Apocalypse of Zerubbabel), Virgin Mary is explicitly insulted, the Christian Church slandered, and Emperor Heraclius is presented (by means of the anagram ‘Armilus’) as the true precursor of the Talmudic Antichrist. In this regard, Heraclius’ prophecy about the return of the Eastern Romans to Syria at the End of Time, as it is preserved in Tabari’s History, becomes highly meaningful. As you can easily understand in the light of the above mentioned, Armilus is associated with Gog by the author of the Sefer Zerubavel! About: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Zerubbabel https://pages.charlotte.edu/john-reeves/research-projects/trajectories-in-near-eastern-apocalyptic/sefer-zerubbabel/ and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armilus

All the same, the author of the Jewish Antiquities (Ἰουδαϊκὴ ἀρχαιολογία) needed apparently to portray (in the 11th book) the outstanding Anti-Zionist emperor as respectful of the anti-Hebrew and anti-Biblical cleric. This need may have been due to the early diffusion of mythological-eschatological narratives and oral traditions about the grand opus of Alexander the Great (namely the Alexander Romance). Many modern scholars and researchers date the earliest existing manuscripts back to the 3rd c. CE, but this date appears to be very late. The earliest traditions must go back to the early Seleucid times; these eschatological traditions must have made of Seleucid Antioch a most loathed capital for the Zionist Pharisees and the Kassite Babylonian Jewish converts. Contrary to what most historians believe, the rivalry was not religious, ethnic, cultural or imperial of nature; it was eschatological.

In addition, Josephus tried to depict Alexander the Great as the authenticator (or validator) of the Jewish Talmudic tradition; by stating that the respect was not personal but due to Jaddua’s tradition, heritage and religion, Josephus’ Alexander, as an ahistorical construct, gives substantive credit to 4th c. BCE Judaism, by offering to the distorted religion’s clerics an antiquity and an authenticity that were not theirs. 

XI. Jews, Fake Jews, Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes, and the Romans  

The Romans proved to be fools by thinking that the conquest of Jerusalem and the destruction of the kingdom of Judah would solve the problem; actually, the ‘problem’ was not the existence of the Jews in the Roman Empire, but the iniquitous presence of the Kassite Babylonian converts among the Jews. Without taking into account the increasing number of intermarriages between Jews and fake Jews (Guti-Kassite-Gog) and without uprooting the Talmudic Zionist priesthood of Pharisees, no one could put an end to all the troubles caused by that secret society. Unfortunately, only Jesus was shrewd enough and able to denounce the Pharisees in public; in parallel, he rejected any attitude similar that of the Sicarii (Zealots).

These facts fully demonstrate what happened at the time; the acts of the Sicarii triggered the Roman conquest and destruction of Jerusalem. Then, Jesus’ stance reveals that the Talmudic Zionist Pharisees had always the tendency to aptly utilize terrorists for their benefit; this mentality is inherent to them. One can be sure that by all means there was no parallel between Nebuchadnezzar’s conquest (587 BCE) and Titus’ invasion (70 CE) of Judah and Jerusalem. Important manuscripts, valuable books, and numerous cult items must have been taken out of the besieged city and transported to safe locations either within the Roman Empire or in Parthian Mesopotamia where the bulk of the fake Jews and the Kassite Babylonian Talmudic rabbis lived in peace and prospered.

Above: the so-called ‘Tower of Babel stele’, excavated by the German Assyriologist Robert Koldewey in 1911, shows Nebuchadnezzar standing in front of a miniature of the great zikkurat Etemenanki of Babylon. Below: fired mudbrick bearing cuneiform inscription with the name and titles of Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon

Titus (Titus Caesar Vespasianus; reigned 79-81 CE); Titus’ destruction of Jerusalem was commemorated in Rome, and the booty was depicted in reliefs on the Arch of Titus.

As a matter of fact, the Roman military action played into the Pharisees’ game. The generalization of the anti-Jewish oppression throughout the Roman Empire put an end to the cosmopolitan Jews and the Sadducee priesthood that was the only real rival of the Pharisees, the repository of the Ancient Hebrew spiritual, religious and cultural tradition, and the major institution representing the clean, non-Zionist, Jews. A major spiritual and intellectual figure of the Sadducees was Philo of Alexandria (20 BCE – 50 CE; known as Yedidiyah ha-Alexandri in Hebrew); his teachings, doctrine and worldview stood at the very antipodes of those of the Zionist Pharisees, going rather in the same direction as the concepts, tenets, and deeds of several Gnostic mystics, and of all those who could be then described as spiritual ancestors of Modern Freemasonry.

Another catastrophic consequence of the Roman military action was the extinction of the Essenes, a sect of repentant Jews, who apparently understood much of what had been done to their hapless ancestors when they were exiled in Babylonia. For this very reason, rituals of purification were incessantly performed among them; the Essenes (אִסִּיִים‎; Isiyim) concluded that it was crucial and vital for all Jews to perform purification rituals and to thus break with the unclean amalgamation, counterfeit spirituality, and blasphemous tradition that had appeared among their ancestors at the time of the Babylonian exile. As one could easily expect, the Zionist rage and hatred of the Essenes was always unrestrainable; it so remains today. Example:

https://www.jpost.com/israel/stringent-religious-purification-proved-lethal

Consequently, to eliminate the real problem, a Roman Emperor would have to invade Mesopotamia where the Babylonian Talmud was being composed. This military target was achieved by Trajan (113-116 CE), but apparently this great ruler (who also fought against the ‘Jews’) did not have a clue about the long-term threat originating from that seemingly small and powerless college of Zionist priests.

In fact, the destruction of Jerusalem (70 CE) by the Romans, which is absolutely unrelated to the eschatological prophecy uttered by Jesus and recorded in the Gospels, helped both, the Zionist Pharisee priests to completely prevail among the Jews and the Kassite Babylonian converts to further infiltrate into the remaining clean communities of the Jewish Diaspora.

More: https://www.parthava.org/2023/04/23/roman-parthian-wars/

This means that, until the emergence of Roman Christianity and the rise of Islam, the bulk of the Zionist fake Jewish priests were active mainly in Asia, revolving around the Silk Road, and interacting with various elites in Iran, Mesopotamia, and Central Asia; however, they were never able to substantially advance their scheme. In other words, like the predecessors of the Freemasons and the Jesuits, the forerunners of the Zionists were located in the Orient – or, if you prefer, in the East.

XII. Gog, Khazars, and Ashkenazi Zionism  

During the successive Turanian migrations and invasions of Europe, which occurred throughout the Late Antiquity (539 BCE – 622 CE), we notice the beginning of what can be described as the major Zionist leap to the West; after the dissolution of the First Turkic Khaganate, the unclean tribes (already known as Gog and Magog among the then Christians) intermingled with the Khazars, entering into mixed marriages and becoming integral part of the nomad nation. This development enabled them to improve their position in Mesopotamia, namely the central province of the Islamic Caliphate (where they had lived for thousands of years), to impact the developments in the Islamic World, to infiltrate the Eastern Roman Empire, and to present themselves as potential allies of various rulers. About:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khazars

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Turkic_Khaganate

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khazar_Correspondence

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Khazar_rulers

The narrative about the Khazar conversion to Islam (around 800 CE) reflects only the resolute intention of the old Guti-Kassite Babylonian Zionist priesthood to usher their unclean populations and communities to the next stage of eschatological scheme and to start moving to the west, settle in Europe, and further intermingle with the remaining clean Jews. It is therefore not strange that the ethnonym ‘Ashkenazim’ was given to the descendants of the Khazars; in Hebrew, it means ‘Scythian’. The Gog had already been associated to ‘Scythians’ in many sources, and the same occurred in the case of the Khazars.

Following this brief presentation, one understands clearly that when we, today, make the distinction between Ashkenazim Khazarians and Sephardic Jews, we rather approach the topic in an apparently conventional manner. In reality, the forefathers of the Ashkenazim, namely the Guti-Kassite Babylonian priests, had already implemented a vast amalgamation plan, arranging intermarriages of the exiled Jews in Babylonia with their unclean tribes that had settled there one millennium earlier; the plan was carried out incessantly ever since.

Western Turkic Khaganate (603-742 CE) and Eastern Turkic Khaganate (603-645 CE) as they emanated from the First Turkic Khaganate (552–603 CE)

The plan for contamination and desecration of the Jews and the extraordinary attachment to the ‘Promised Land’, Jerusalem and Zion are eschatologically crucial because, contrarily to all other nations, the Guti were not the descendants of Ut Napishtim / Noah. By impersonating the Jews (and therefore the ‘Chosen People’), the Zionists intend to occupy Palestine (that they called ‘Israel’, not ‘Judah’) and the wider Middle East (which is now called ‘Greater Israel’) in order to oppose the prophesied return of the Assyrians and the ten lost tribes of Israel. As per the directives of their eschatological plans, they have nowhere else to go.

Khazar-Ashkenazi monument with representation of the menorah, unearthed in Sarkel, a fortress built (ca. 830-840 CE) with the help of the Eastern Romans on the left bank of the lower Don River in today’s Rostov Oblast, Russia. About: http://www.hagahan-lib.ru/library/hazariya-v-krosskulturnom-prostranstve-istoricheskaya-geografiya-krepostnaya-arhitektura-vibor-veri25.html

http://www.khazaria.com/sarkel.html

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Саркел

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarkel

https://www.dasanderemittelalter.net/news/a-jewish-empire/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulan_(Khazar)

The clash between the three secret societies (Jesuits, Freemasons and Zionists) is not a confrontation of interests, but a conflict among three eschatological strategies (or schemes); it takes the form of covert war between the unclean nations (namely Gog and Magog, controlled by the Zionists), and the descendants of the Assyrians and the ten lost tribes of Israel, who are fooled and subdued by the Freemasons and the Jesuits. The modalities of the conflict involve also reciprocal infiltration among these organizations, splits of the three secret societies, and superposition of agendas.  

However, the essence of the confrontation is not only about the outcome of the end times; it is also the reflection of ages-old disputes that shaped World History. In fact, everything that happens today and more particularly the plans that are being now worked out, all are parameterized to events that took place in Mesopotamia and Egypt before 5000 years; for this reason, the slightest details of the past can matter greatly. For this reason, the overwhelming focus on, and the fallacious propaganda about, the so-called Greco-Roman world and the Judeo-Christian civilization, function merely as the smokescreen, preventing average people to understand the true origin of the conflict. In this regard, the diverse surprises comprised in the Book of Daniel may only confirm first, the importance of Alexander’s mystical deed, which was deliberately discredited as a ‘myth’ or even banned from our world, and second, the evocation of the Seleucid omen. That is why the ‘burden of Damascus’ will surely remain unfathomable for today’s fake Jews, as long as Syria is not in the right hands.

In a forthcoming article, I will reveal how important the Seleucid heritage will prove to be in the forthcoming, inevitable termination of the present world order and of the postdiluvian life that the true humans were forced to implacably experience due to their earlier inexcusable sins.

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Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Akhenaten, Ramesses III & Moses’ Double Stratagem against the Sea Peoples

Serabit al Khadim, the Exodus, the Red Sea Crossing, and why Mount Sinai’s True Location was confused in Late Antiquity

Хатшепсут, Тутмос III, Эхнатон, Рамсес III и двойная стратегия Моисея против народов моря

Серабит-эль-Хадим, Исход, Разделение Красного моря, и почему истинное местоположение горы Синай было запутано в поздней античности

Serabit al Khadim, Temple of Hathor

Contents

Introduction

I. Mount Sinai (or Horeb): from the Pentateuch to Itinerarium Egeriae

II. The Exodus: Reconstruction of the Path and Textual Changes (?) from the Septuagint to the Masoretic Text

III. From Hatshepsut and Thutmose III to Akhenaten’s Monotheism, and from Merneptah (the Pharaoh of the Exodus) to Ramesses III

IV. Serabit al Khadim and the Temple of Hathor: a Major Egyptian Site

V. Straits of Tiran: Red Sea Crossing, World Politics, and Moses’ Formidable Double Stratagem

VI. Iranians, Macedonians, Aramaeans, Romans: Reasons for the Confusion about the True Location of Mount Sinai

VII. From Ptolemy’s Geography to Al Biruni’s Chronology

Содержание

Введение

I. Гора Синай (или Хорив): от Пятикнижия к Паломничеству Этерии

II. Исход: реконструкция пути и текстовые изменения (?) от Септуагинты к масоретскому тексту

III. От Хатшепсут и Тутмоса III до монотеизма Эхнатона и от Мернептаха (фараона Исхода) до Рамсеса III.

IV. Серабит-эль-Хадим и храм Хатхор: главное место Египта

V. Тиранский пролив: Разделение Красного моря, мировая политика и грозная двойная стратегия Моисея

VI. Иранцы, македонцы, арамейцы, римляне: Причины путаницы относительно истинного местоположения горы Синай

VII. От географии Птолемея к хронологии Аль Бируни

Biaw: part of Lower Egypt’s 14th ‘nome’ (administrative division)

Introduction

Mount Sinai and the Sinai Peninsula are not located where you think they are. Consequently and more importantly, the Ancient Hebrews and the Egyptians monotheists, who left with them, did not cross the Red Sea near the modern cities of Suez or Ismailia (Timsah Lake).

Certainly, I am not the first to state this fact. There have been several other explorers and researchers who first discussed the topic, examined closely all the related aspects, and even undertook expeditions to find out eventual remains of the true Mount Sinai, which is not located in the peninsula, which by mistake bears its name.

If I intend to herewith present a brief commentary on the topic, this is entirely due to my desire to underscore two points that ought to have been noticed long ago. I have to admit that the sojourn of the Ancient Hebrews in Egypt (Kemet/Mizraim) and their Exodus generated tons of publications and endless polarizations, particularly because the topics are a matter of common heritage and at times divergent traditions for Jews, Christians and Muslims. Different textual sources, distinct interpretations, and overreliance on later and apparently distorted traditions contributed to the slow formation of stereotypes that have been repeated for long.

The end result involved unfortunately the typical Western academic conventionalism and conformism, the demonization of pioneering explorers, and the vilification of any scholar who would question the supposedly sacrosanct conclusions of the modern academic disciplines. Even more confusingly, Western European painters and artists worsened the problem by producing terribly misleading representations of the Biblical stories onto which they merely projected their own illusions, delusions and unsubstantiated understanding of the historical past.

I. Mount Sinai (or Horeb): from the Pentateuch to Itinerarium Egeriae

Four (out of the five) books of the Torah detail the event that Reform Judaism (so: fake Judaism) calls ‘the founding myth’ of the Ancient Hebrews: Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. However, in spite of the numerous details, there is no topographical-geographical accuracy in these narratives that may have been written in an early form in the 11th-10th c. BCE, but the earliest composition of the presently preserved text is impossible to be dated before the late 6th and early 5th c. BCE. This fact, in and by itself, dramatically conditions the chances of the Biblical text to offer a shred of authoritative evidence, particularly if we take into consideration the great changes that had occurred in Egypt, Mesopotamia and Canaan, which are the main regions involved in the text. About:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yehud_Medinata

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Exodus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Exodus

Modern Jewish and Christian commentators, failing to comprehend the span of time between the events described and the dates of the earliest composition and the ultimate compilation of the Biblical text, focused excessively on the 42 stations of the Exodus that are mentioned in Numbers 33, trying to eventually locate the stations of the Ancient Hebrews; this ended up in enormous confusion, because these locations are either broadly defined or described in relative terms.

One of these stations is Midbar Sin, i.e. the Wilderness of Sin; this expression is attested in Exodus 16:1 and 17:1, and in Numbers 33:11–12. I have to add that Sin is a toponym in this case. This is the earliest form of reference to the wider region where Mount Sinai is located. There is also reference to the Sinai Wilderness, which is found in Exodus 19:1–2 and in Number 10:12 and 33:15–16. But the identification of the sacred mountain with what is called Jabal Musa (Moses’ Mountains) in modern times is fully unsubstantiated and absolutely arbitrary.

Actually, German theologians of the school of Julius Wellhausen, after extensive examination of the four different historical sources of the Old Testament, noticed that the name ‘Sinai’ occurs only in two of them (i.e. the Jahwist and the Priestly sources); contrarily, in the other two sources (namely the Elohist and the Deuteronomist), the same always mountain is named ‘Horeb’. The etymology and the meaning of the name ‘Sinai’ are still a matter of debate, but the most commonly accepted opinion involves an association with Sin, the Assyrian-Babylonian aspect of the divine world that was symbolized with the Moon. In Neo-Assyrian times (1244-609 BCE), within the context of Sargonid monotheism, Sin became a symbol for the Assyrians, who explicitly considered themselves as the ‘Chosen People’ of the Only God, Assur. About:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stations_of_the_Exodus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilderness_of_Sin

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zin_Desert

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Sinai_(Bible)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Sinai#Islam

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Sinai_(Bible)#Jabal_Musa

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documentary_hypothesis

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossing_the_Red_Sea

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sources_and_parallels_of_the_Exodus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_Book_of_Exodus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plagues_of_Egypt

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pillars_of_fire_and_cloud

Ancient Egyptian narratives, which antedate and may have served as point of reference for the Biblical text (notably the description of calamities such as “the river is blood”): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipuwer_Papyrus

The two appellations (Hebrew: Har Sinay; Aramaic: Tura deSinay) are at the origin of the Quranic expressions Tur Saina, Tur Sinin, at-Tur and al-Jabal (just: ‘mountain’). However, the identification of the location is not a matter of the Quran, but of purely subjective and unsubstantiated opinions of Muslims who made the same mistake as the Christians of the times of the Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I, who ordered the construction (548-565) of what is today the oldest continuously occupied Christian monastery (دير القدّيسة كاترين; Μονὴ τῆς Ἁγίας Αἰκατερίνης). Although the existence of monastic life in this region, as documented in the Itinerarium Egeriae (written ca. 385 CE), proves that the location was identified as the Mount Sinai at the time, nothing exists to demonstrate significant antecedence and historical continuity for this identification. No less than 1500 years separate the Exodus and the Christian nun Egeria, who traveled in the Orient and wrote down her itinerary. About:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Catherine%27s_Monastery

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egeria_(pilgrim)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Sinai_(Bible)#Suggested_locations

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Serbal

It is on such wrong maps of Egypt that the wrong reconstruction of the path of the departing Egyptian monotheists and Ancient Hebrews has been based. This map is entirely wrong, because it does not show a) the Egyptian oases, b) the Red Sea harbors of Ancient Egypt, c) North Sudan down to at least the fourth cataract of the Nile {which was an area in which the Ancient Egyptians at times were the sole rulers and at times interacted with the local Cushitic (Ancient Sudanese) kingdoms}, d) at least the western half of the so-called Sinai Peninsula (which was integral part of Egypt), e) the southern half of Canaan (which was either annexed to Egypt or ruled by vassal kings or princes), and f) large swathes of today’s Libyan territory where the Ancient Egyptians interacted with the local Berber princes, who often had significant positions and career in Kemet (Ancient Egypt).

Typically wrong (if not foolish) reconstruction of the path taken after the Exodus

Typically wrong (if not foolish) reconstruction of the path taken after the Exodus

Typically wrong (if not foolish) reconstruction of the path taken after the Exodus

Typical Freemasonic Protestant Anglo-Zionist absurdity and paranoia: they ‘think’ that the ‘departure’ (Exodus) started in the Valley of the Nile! Read the original legend of the forged map to laugh at will: «Jericho. Israel leave Elim (Exo.16:1) Tabernacle erected (Exo.40:17) Israel arrive at Sinai (Exo.19:1) Israel leave Sinai (Num.10:11) 1yr 2mth 15dy. 1yr 3mth 15dy. 2yr 1mth 1dy. 2yr 2mth 20dy. Punon. Moses ascends mount Sinai 7 times. Israel leave Egypt (Num.33:3) Israel spent 9 months constructing the Tabernacle. Spies enter the land – Kadesh (Num.13:20) 1yr 1mth 1dy. 1yr 1mth 14dy. 1yr 1mth 15dy. 2yr 1mth 14dy. 2yr 4mth. Passover (Exo.12:6) Passover (Num.9:1-3) Ritual Calendar established (Exo.12:2)»

A far more reasonable and more plausible itinerary based on common sense and closer study of all the related historical sources – not only the Biblical text.

II. The Exodus: Reconstruction of the Path and Textual Changes (?) from the Septuagint to the Masoretic Text

The reconstitution of the trajectory that the Ancient Hebrews and the Egyptian monotheists pursued after leaving Egypt produced an incredible number of books and articles, which are mostly delusional in their major assumptions, although they may contain countless pieces of historical truth. Modern scholarship refuted most of the efforts of reconstruction in the light of enormous mistakes that happen to be found in the Biblical text. Even the name that the Biblical author uses to denote the land where the Ancient Hebrews were settled in Egypt is otherwise unknown and meaningless in Hebrew (Goshen); several Egyptologists tried to offer potential interpretations, based on Ancient Egyptian toponyms and vocabulary.

The duration of the Hebrew sojourn in Egypt is also questionable. Consequently, even the date of the Exodus is debatable. In the past, scholars and religious propagandists preferred to date the event in the middle of the 15th c., which is highly improbable. After the documentation made available due to Orientalist research during the 19th and the early 20th c., a ‘lower’ date (middle to end of the 13th c.) seemed to be more plausible. In fact, anyone who attempts to write about the topic today without having first studied extensively original Ancient Egyptian sources relating to the rise and fall of the Egyptian monotheism (Atenism) at the time of the 18th dynasty is doomed to draw the wrong conclusions. About:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_of_Goshen

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob#In_Egypt

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)#Family_reunited

https://biblicalstudies.org.uk/article_exodus_date.html

The various efforts of reconstruction of the path followed by all those who followed Moses in Yezi’at Mizrayim (יציאת מצרים/departure from Egypt) can be basically categorized into five main groups of modern scholars, namely those who support one of the following alternatives:

i- the Mediterranean Sea road;

ii- the northeastern confines of the Delta, north of the Bitter Lakes region;

iii- the eastern confines of the Delta, through the Bitter Lakes region;

iv- the northern end of the Gulf of Suez; and

v- the crossing of the Gulf of Aqaba.

Within each group there may be variants or sub-groups; for instance, in the fifth category, Ron Wyatt places the crossing in the area of Nuweiba, whereas Robert Cornuke proposed the idea of a land bridge at the Strait of Tiran.

The categorization encompasses another scholarly debate, namely the interpretation of the Ancient Hebrew term ‘Yam Suph’ (יַם-סוּף), which literally means ‘sea of the reeds’; these are the Ancient Hebrew words used in the Bible for the sea that Moses and his followers crossed during the Exodus. Now, the very serious problem is that the Septuagint version offers a rather bizarre translation of the term, rendering it in Alexandrian Koine as ‘Red Sea’ (Ερυθρά Θάλασσα). This inexplicable situation impacted the judgment of many researchers greatly, because some scholars took the Masoretic text as guide in their effort to reconstitute the Exodus route, whereas others accepted the Septuagint translation. In fact, the most original sources (Septuagint, Peshitta, and Samaritan Pentateuch) stick to the term ‘Red Sea’. About:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yam_Suph

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koine_Greek

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Sea

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masoretic_Text

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritan_Pentateuch

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peshitta

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septuagint

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mizraim

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/מצרים

At this point, I must clarify that during the Antiquity, the term ‘Red Sea’ did not have the connotation that it has in modern times; this geographical term denoted the following bodies of water (as used with their meaning in modern languages):

a) the Red Sea,

b) the Persian Gulf, and

c) the Indian Ocean from the Eastern African coast lands to Indochina and Indonesia.

Within the limits of the present article, I cannot expand on the topic, but I have to underscore that the historical name was tantamount to a general description of what we would call today ‘the southern seas’.

All the same, only religious dogmatism, academic doctrinairism, ideological authoritarianism, and intellectual opinionatedness can lead so many scholars, explorers and religious schemers to such extreme disregard of few Biblical verses, which undeniably clarify the whole matter to some extent, totally canceling some of the above mentioned five options.  

III. From Hatshepsut and Thutmose III to Akhenaten’s Monotheism, and from Merneptah (the Pharaoh of the Exodus) to Ramesses III

The verses 17 and 18 of the 13th chapter of Exodus help us recreate the Exodus route as pursued according to God’s will and following a miraculous intervention; the text reads:

“And when Pharaoh had sent out the people, the Lord led them not by the way of the land of the Philistines, which is near; thinking lest perhaps they would repent, if they should see wars arise against them, and would return into Egypt. But he led them about by the way of the desert, which is by the Red Sea: and the children of Israel went up armed out of the land of Egypt.” (English translation of the Vulgata)

(Septuagint: Ὡς δὲ ἐξαπέστειλε Φαραὼ τὸν λαόν, οὐχ ὡδήγησεν αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς ὁδὸν γῆς Φυλιστιείμ, ὅτι ἐγγὺς ἦν· εἶπε γὰρ ὁ Θεός· μήποτε μεταμελήσῃ τῷ λαῷ ἰδόντι πόλεμον, καὶ ἀποστρέψῃ εἰς Αἴγυπτον. καὶ ἐκύκλωσεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸν λαὸν ὁδὸν τὴν εἰς τὴν ἔρημον, εἰς τὴν ἐρυθρὰν θάλασσαν, πέμπτῃ δὲ γενεᾷ ἀνέβησαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ἰσραὴλ ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου.)

(Vulgata: igitur cum emisisset Pharao populum non eos duxit Dominus per viam terrae Philisthim quae vicina est reputans ne forte paeniteret eum si vidisset adversum se bella consurgere et reverteretur in Aegyptum. Sed circumduxit per viam deserti, quæ est juxta mare Rubrum: et armati ascenderunt filii Israël de terra Ægypti.)

(Masoretic text: וַיְהִי, בְּשַׁלַּח פַּרְעֹה אֶת-הָעָם, וְלֹא-נָחָם אֱלֹהִים דֶּרֶךְ אֶרֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּים, כִּי קָרוֹב הוּא: כִּי אָמַר  אֱלֹהִים, פֶּן-יִנָּחֵם הָעָם בִּרְאֹתָם מִלְחָמָה–וְשָׁבוּ מִצְרָיְמָה . וַיַּסֵּב אֱלֹהִים אֶת-הָעָם דֶּרֶךְ הַמִּדְבָּר, יַם-סוּף; וַחֲמֻשִׁים עָלוּ בְנֵי-יִשְׂרָאֵל, מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם)

(English translation of the Masoretic text: And it came to pass, when Pharaoh had let the people go, that God led them not by the way of the land of the Philistines, although that was near; for God said: ‘Lest peradventure the people repent when they see war, and they return to Egypt.’ But God led the people about, by the way of the wilderness by the Red Sea; and the children of Israel went up armed out of the land of Egypt.)

(English translation of the Samaritan Pentateuch: And it came to pass, when Pharaoh had let the people go, that God led them not through the way of the land of the Philistines, although that was near; for God said, Lest peradventure the people repent when they see war, and they return to Egypt: But God led the people about, through the way of the wilderness of the Red sea: and the children of Israel went up harnessed out of the land of Egypt.) About:

https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0213.htm#1

http://www.imgap.gr/file1/AG-Pateres/AG%20KeimenoMetafrasi/PD/02.%20Exodus.htm

https://www.stepbible.org/version.jsp?version=SPE

https://www.stepbible.org/?q=version=SPE|reference=Exo.13

https://vulgate.org/ot/exodus_13.htm

https://sacred-texts.com/bib/vul/exo013.htm#017

This text automatically cancels any modern reconstruction effort that involves the Mediterranean route (‘the land of the Philistines’); more characteristically, the text underscores the topographical fact that the said option would be, truly speaking, a real shortcut. Even more importantly, in the text, God explains the reason for which by miraculous intervention the Ancient Hebrews were diverted from the said route. Departing from Egypt, they would have been exposed to various wars, which may eventually have convinced them to return to Egypt. This is quite telling! However, to duly grasp the meaning of the verse, one must have a markedly Egyptological reading of the Exodus narrative.

Every pertinent historico-religious research about the rise of monotheism in Egypt and among the early Hebrews starts with the very slow ascent of the solar cult and spirituality (Atenism) during the 18th dynasty and, more specifically, during the reigns of (Amenhotep IV’s) Akhenaten’s four predecessors, namely Amenhotep III (1388-1351 BCE), Thutmose IV (1397-1388 BCE), Amenhotep II (1427-1397 BCE), and Thutmose III (1479-1425 BCE). All the scholars and explorers, who focus particularly on the dramatic events of the reigns of Akhenaten (1351-1334 BCE) and of his three successors, i.e. Smenkhkare (1335-1334 BCE), Neferneferuaten (1334-1332 BCE) and Tutankhaten-Tutankhamen (1332-1323 BCE) until the final restoration of the Amun polytheism (in the third year of Tutankhaten’s reign), forget that the deep rejection of the Amun blasphemy, which characterized almost all the monarchs of the 18th dynasty may in fact have started with the frontal opposition between Hatshepsut (1479-1458 BCE) and her nephew and stepson Thutmose III.

Wife of Thutmose II (1493-1479 BCE), Hatshepsut not only prevented her nephew from ruling, but added insult to injury, as in her vicious attempt to justify her rule, she presented herself as product of Theogamy, sacrilegiously pretending that the scandalous abomination of Amun had sexual intercourse with her mother. So absurd and paranoid her monstrous attempt was that in reality she stripped herself of her royal ancestry (she was the daughter of Thutmose I; 1503-1493). Thutmose III had however to live for 20 years in a secluded part of the temple of Amun of Karnak, protected by the monotheist sacerdotal college, which nominally accepted Amun Trinity only to gain time in their effort to overthrow or physically exterminate the blasphemous queen. That is why when his aunt was eliminated, Thutmose III, who proved to be Ancient Egypt’s greatest conqueror and one of the very few pharaohs to have ever marched up to the bank of Euphrates, ordered the deletion of Hatshepsut’s impious name from every inscription and relief.

The above brief description means that, before 1349 BCE (second year of Akhenaten’s reign when -during the Sed festival- Atenism was officially proclaimed), a real religious war was already going on in Egypt for no less than 130 years (after the death of Thutmose II). The outstanding Atenist monotheist upheaval and Egypt’s transformation consisted in an unprecedented renewal that eclipses by far the Christianization of the Roman Empire and the Islamization of Arabia in terms of spiritual magnificence, solemnity, majesty, piety, simplicity, divine epiphany, and royal forcefulness.

The three shocking decades (from Akhenaten’s rise to the throne to Tutankhamen’s funerals) that Egypt lived in the middle of the 14th c. BCE have no equivalent in World History, because they involve the rise and the fall of one of the purest forms of monotheistic religion ever accepted as state dogma. The white terror, which was launched against all monotheists during the reigns of the rancorous priest Ay (1323-1319 BCE) and of the cruel soldier Horemheb (1319-1292 BCE), continued during the reigns of the first four pharaohs of the 19th dynasty, namely Ramesses I (1292-1290 BCE), Seti I (1290-1279 BCE), Ramesses II (1279-1213 BCE) and Merneptah (1213-1203 BCE). This is exactly the atmosphere of oppression and persecution that the Biblical text intended to highlight and reflect. Ramesses II must have most probably been the pharaoh whom Moses encountered.

This means that, at the moment of the encounter (around the very last years of the old pharaoh), the religious polarization and clash between the monotheists and the polytheists in Egypt had already lasted for about 260 years (1479-1219 BCE), whereas the severe persecution of the Egyptian (and other) monotheists was the ordinary condition of daily life for no less than a century (1329-1219 BCE). Merneptah is the true pharaoh of the Exodus; however, he had even more serious troubles to face than the rebellious monotheists, who apparently could not anymore live in Egypt. During his reign, Egypt had to oppose the alliance between the Berbers (‘Libyans’) and the Sea Peoples, because the first, rather smaller, attacks of those barbarians had started.

This event is good enough to explain why the aforementioned Biblical excerpt clearly states that God did not want to allow the departing Ancient Hebrews to go “by the way of the land of the Philistines”: the Philistines of the Biblical text are none other than the Peleset of the Ancient Egyptian texts, who were one of the rebellious Sea Peoples and participated in the attacks against Egypt that Ramesses III (1186-1155 BCE) was able at last to vanquish and disperse. The Peleset-Philistines are identified as the Pelasgians who lived in South Balkans and were the ferocious enemies of the Achaeans and the Hittites. So, when the first waves of the disorderly and barbarian Peleset-Philistines-Pelasgians were arriving in the southern coastland of Canaan (where they settled, therefore becoming the ancestors of today’s Palestinians), the Biblical God did not obviously want his chosen people to intermingle with them.

Better comprehended after the study of a geographical map, this explicit statement does not only cancel the first of the above mentioned five options, but it totally wipes out the first four options because, in spite of existing variants, the supporters of these suggestions reconstruct eventual routes that -all- pass relatively close from the South Canaan coast lands where the Peleset-Philistines-Pelasgians had started settling. However, there is an even stronger argument in favor of the fifth option. About:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atenism

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhenaten#Atenism

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sed_festival

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarna_Era

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarna_Period

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nineteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharaohs_in_the_Bible

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merneptah

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_Peoples

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramesses_III

https://biblearchaeology.org/research/exodus-from-egypt/2264-mount-sinai-is-not-jebel-allawz-in-saudi-arabia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Exodus

Hatshepsut: the evil polytheist who invented the concept of ‘Theogamy’ in order to justify the usurpation of throne and her immoral and illegal rule

Hatshepsut’s mortuary temple at Deir al Bahari, Luxor West

Making offerings to Amun: Hatshepsut’s mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahari

Offerings made to Amun

Amun and Ahmose sitting opposite each other in heaven, which is symbolized by two female divinities supporting them; Amun holds the Ankh to Ahmose’s nose and mouth so that she can breathe in the divine essence and conceive the god’s child.

Deir el Bahari textual evidence for the Theogamy:

– the inscription claims that Amun ‘prophesized the birth of Hatshepsut at a council of the gods;

– Amun disguised as Thutmose I and visited Queen Ahmose; the inscription reads (paragraph 196):

“Utterance of Amun-Re, lord of Thebes, presider over Karnak: He made his form like the majesty of this husband, the King Aa Kheper Ka Ra (Thutmose I’s throne name). He found her as she slept in the beauty of her palace. She waked at the fragrance of the god, which she smelled in the presence of his Majesty. He went to her immediately, coivit cum ea (lit. ‘had sex with her’), he imposed his desire upon her, he caused that she should see him in his form of a god. When he came before her, she rejoiced at the sight of his beauty, his love passed into her limbs, which the fragrance of the god flooded; all his odors were from Punt”;

– the queen is then informed by Amun that she has conceived a daughter by him; the inscription reads (paragraph 198):

“Utterance of Amun, Lord of the Two Lands, before her: “Khnemet-Amun-Hatshepsut (her full birth name: ‘United with Amun, the Foremost of Ladies’) shall be the name of this my daughter, whom I have placed in thy body, this saying which comes out of thy mouth. She shall exercise the excellent kingship in this whole land. My soul is hers, my bounty is hers, my crown is hers, that she may rule the Two Lands, that she may lead all the living … “;

– Amun instructs the god Khnum, who was thought to be the creator of flesh, to make the baby and its Ka on his potter’s wheel. The reliefs show Khnum being helped by his consort divinity, the frog-headed Hekt;

– the royal baby and its Ka are depicted in the likeness of a boy, complete with male genitalia;

– the instruction text reads (paragraph 200):

“Utterance of Amun, presider over Karnak: “Go, to make her, together with her Ka, from these limbs which are in me; go, to fashion her better than all gods; shape for me, this my daughter, whom I have begotten. I have given to her all life and satisfaction, all stability, all joy of heart from me, all offerings, and all bread, like Re, forever”;

– Queen Ahmose was led off by Khnum and Hekt to give birth; she was attended by Bes and Taweret (the hippopotamus-like divinity that protected childbirth);

– the newborn child was given the symbols of life, power and protection, before being presented to her ‘father’ Amun;

Complete English translation of the reliefs: https://www.u.arizona.edu/~afutrell/w%20civ%2002/birthofhat.html

All five Pharaonic names of Thutmose I and Hatshepsut:

https://pharaoh.se/pharaoh/Thutmose-I

https://pharaoh.se/pharaoh/Hatshepsut

Thutmose III depicted on the 7th pylon of the Amun temple at Karnak, smiting enemies

Thutmose III holding a hedj Club and a sekhem scepter, while standing before two obelisks

Thutmose III wearing the atef crown

The ‘tekhen waty’ (unique obelisk) of Thutmose III was transported to Rome, following a decision made by Emperor Constantine I and materialized by Constantius II in 357 CE. Initially, it stood in Circus Maximus; it then collapsed and it was covered by the mud (in the 5th c.). Finally, it was restored in the 1580s and erected in front of the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran with the addition of a cross atop of it. The acquisition of the obelisks erected by Thutmose III was of particularly notable interest for the religious authorities of Roman and Constantinopolitan Christianity; Theodosius ordered the shipment (390 CE) of another obelisk, which was initially built by Thutmose III, to Constantinople; it was installed in the Hippodrome.

Amenhotep II shown at the Temple of Amada, 180 km south of Aswan, near the Lake Nasser

Thutmose IV wearing the blue crown; grandfather of Akhenaten, he actively supported the rise of the monotheistic solar ideology, therefore receiving many unjust comments and insults by the fanatic priests of Amun – something that his grandson explicitly stated, denounced and regretted.

The famous Dream Stele of Thutmose IV; the pharaoh built the monument after having slept between the paws of the Great Sphinx; the text shows an extraordinary increase in terms of solar cult and spirituality.

Amenhotep III, predecessor and father of Akhenaten

Akhenaten and Nefertiti with their children under the blessings of Aten whose benediction takes the form of solar rays ending in hands that hold Ankh, the symbol of spiritual life and potency

Akhenaten depicted as a sphinx on a relief unearthed in his capital Akhetaton, i.e. the modern Tell el Amarna (or Amarna)

Akhenaten wearing the Egyptian Blue Crown of War

The legendary statue of Akhenaten that triggered endless scholarly discussions about the (radically different from the Classical Ancient Egyptian Art) Amarna Naturalism and the eventuality of particular health problems of the great monotheist pharaoh

Typical boundary stele from Akhetaton / Amarna, the monotheistic capital of Akhenaten in Middle Egypt (not far from Al Minia)

Akhetaton / Amarna, the Temple of Aten

Akhetaton / Amarna, the northern palace

Akhetaton/Amarna, diagram and reconstruction of the royal quarters

Akhetaton/Amarna: general view

The typical practice of the days of Akhenaten: the Amun name was erased from wherever it was written. Stela of Djeserka (full name: Djeserkareseneb / Djeser-ka-re-seneb), a temple doorkeeper at Karnak, Thebes

Design from the wall paintings of the tomb of Meryre II, royal scribe, steward, and overseer of the two treasuries, at Akhetaton/Amarna; in the royal year 12, Akhenaten is depicted as receiving tributes, while sitting on the throne and being blessed by the rays of Aten. About: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meryre_II and https://open.library.ubc.ca/cIRcle/collections/ubccommunityandpartnerspublicati/52387/items/1.0422133

Akhenaten and Nefertiti make offerings to Aten; from a limestone stela in the Museum of Cairo

The successors of Akhenaten proved to be unable to outmaneuver the Amun polytheist conspiracy against the monotheist state that was based in Akhetaten; relief with an unidentified royal couple that may very well be either Smenkhkare & Meritaten (Akhenaten’s first successor and his wife) or Tutankhamun & Ankhesenamun

Backing of the golden throne of Tutankhamun; the pharaoh and his wife Ankhesenamun are depicted as blessed by the rays of Aten, before the Amun polytheist restoration; at the time, they were respectively named Tutankhaten and Ankhes-enpa-Aten

Tutankhamun and Ankhesenamun

Tutankhamun depicted on a chariot, participating in a military campaign

Tutankhamun holding the Pharaonic insignia

From a wall painting of the burial chamber of KV62 (the tomb of Tutankhamun): Tutankhamun and his Ka (standing behind him) embrace Osiris (in the left part of the picture); the deceased pharaoh greets Nut (in the central part); on the right side, the treacherous polytheist priest of Amun Ay performs the ceremony of the Opening of the Mouth for the dead of the eventually assassinated Tutankhamun, who is depicted as Osiris. Ay had first forced Tutankhamun to restore the polytheistic religion of the Theban Trinity and then, after the young pharaoh’s death or assassination, he was proclaimed as pharaoh. About the Theban tombs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Theban_tombs / https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theban_Necropolis / https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theban_Necropolis

Ay’s royal names on a faience plate

Ay’s main ally against the monotheist state proclaimed by Akhenaten was Horemheb, an ignorant and fanatic soldier of socially low status; with the support of the polytheist clergy of Amun, he succeeded Ay and he ruled Egypt, launching a White Terror against the monotheists and dividing the country irrevocably. With the divisive and tyrannical rule of Horemheb, we observe in Egypt conditions similar to those described in the Bible, involving oppression, persecution, hatred and ignominy. Here, on the 10th pylon of the temple of Amun in Karnak, he is depicted as making offerings to Amun.

Wepwawet wolf-god of war & death, giving scepters to Seti I; relief from Seti I’s temple at Abedju (Abydos); second pharaoh of the 19th dynasty, Seti I was a particularly cruel pharaoh, who proved to be very heinous against the monotheists.

Ramesses II seems to have been a monotheist ruler who reigned over Kemet in an alliance with part of the then powerful polytheist priesthood. Enormous statue of Ramesses II from the first peristyle court of the Amun temple at Luxor; Ramesses II was the most important ruler of the 19th dynasty and one of the longest reigning monarchs in World History. He undertook an excessive project of constructions that absorbed all of the country’s resources and exhausted the population; this was his method of keeping the people busy, unfree and unable to react to the polytheist regime. He is the first of the two pharaohs related to the Exodus narrative.

Diorite statue of Ramesses II from Thebes, today in the Museo Egizio of Turin

Merenptah offering to Ptah; during his reign, the monotheist Egyptians and the Hebrews left Egypt, crossing the Red Sea

Second ruler of the 20th dynasty, Ramesses III was a staunch monotheist, who did not challenge the religious prevalence of the polytheists; but his reign was filled with exploits that damaged irreversibly the plans of the polytheists to take control over Egypt. In this relief from the Temple of Khonsu at Karnak, Ramesses III makes an offering.

Ramses III offering incense, wall painting from his tomb (KV11) in the Kings Valley, Luxor West

Ramesses III makes an oath to Isis; from the tomb of the Prince Amunher khepeshef

The three victories of Ramesses III against the Sea Peoples was Egypt’s greatest gift to Mankind and foremost contribution to World History. Following these developments, the historical role of Egypt had already been completed. From the pylon of Ramesses III’s mortuary temple at Medinet Habu (Luxor West): Ramesses III presents his victory over the Sea Peoples to Amun.

Design of the reliefs and the texts of the Northern Wall (outer side) of Ramesses III’s mortuary temple at Medinet Habu: Ramses III in the Battle of Djahy (one of the battles against the Sea Peoples)

From the Medinet Habu reliefs: severed hands of the defeated Sea Peoples. This was indeed a splendid gift to the civilized world and a most demanded punishment of the incestuous barbarians who intended to plunge the Mankind into lawlessness, non-violence, fornication, sodomy, and polytheism.

IV. Serabit al Khadim and the Temple of Hathor: a Major Egyptian Site

Abu Zanimah is situated at ca. 170 km south of Suez on the western coastland of what we mistakenly call today the ‘Sinai Peninsula’. Reaching this place, one has crossed more than half the distance between Suez and Sharm el Sheikh (290 km), which is the most famous resort in the wider region. Approximately 40 km east of Abu Zanimah is located the major archaeological site in the region, i.e. Serabit al Khadim (سرابيط الخادم/lit. ‘the standing rocks of the servant’).

This appellation concerns the presence of a large number of rock blocks, each of which was called ‘sarbut’, meaning ‘the standing rock’ (‘serabit’ being the plural). The name of the servant, who was associated with them, reflects the statues scattered inside the temple, which represented (or were viewed as) ‘servants’ for the residents of the old. This is how the name came into existence. There are many other important sites and monuments in the wider region, involving fortifications, caves, turquoise mines, smaller temples, and numerous inscriptions.

Serabit al Khadim: the Standing Rocks of the Servant

Hathor capital

Serabit al Khadim as presented in the Ordnance Survey that was undertaken by Sir John Pakington in 1869; about: https://discovered.ed.ac.uk/discovery/fulldisplay?vid=44UOE_INST:44UOE_VU2&tab=Everything&docid=alma996335823502466&lang=en&context=L&query=creator,exact,Feis,%20Herbert,%201893-1972.

Reliefs and hieroglyphic inscriptions

Drawing made during the famous Prussian Expedition to Egypt in 1842-1845; the academic mission was led by the renowned Karl Richard Lepsius, one of the ‘Fathers of Modern Egyptology’. About: https://en.qantara.de/content/egypt-expedition-1842-a-prussian-tour-to-the-land-of-the-pharaohs

The Hathor temple, a diagram

The existence of the great temple of Hathor at Serabit al Khadim demonstrates that this place was a major center of Ancient Egyptian monotheistic cult. The temple was initially excavated by Sir Flinders Petrie in the very first years of the 20th c. and subsequently explored by different groups of archaeologists and epigraphists. The temple dates back to the Middle Kingdom (early 2nd millennium BCE); Hathor was often symbolized as a cow to reflect the aspect of divine fertility, but basically her name means ‘the House of Horus’. For this reason, her cult was regularly associated with that of Isis, who was believed to be ‘Mother’ to Horus (the Ancient Egyptian concept of Messiah), according to the Iwnw Heliopolitan doctrine of Ennead, i.e. one of the staunchest monotheist faiths in Ancient Egypt. As a matter of fact, the two divine hypostases (Isis and Hathor) were often identified with one another. About:

https://www.mindat.org/loc-228179.html

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Ancient_Egypt_map-hiero.svg

https://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/serabit.htm

https://www.lonelyplanet.com/egypt/sinai/attractions/serabit-al-khadim/a/poi-sig/1499861/355260

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serabit_el-Khadim

https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Joukowsky_Institute/courses/templesandtombs/8515.html

https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-succoth.htm

The Road to Succoth

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjaru

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Habuwa

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walls_of_the_Ruler

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadi_Maghareh

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hathor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horus

It makes therefore sense to identify the majestic temple (built at the extraordinary elevation of 850 m above sea level, which is a unique case in Ancient Egypt) and its astounding surroundings as a major center of Egyptian monotheism. Actually, for more than 1500 years before the rise of Atenism, the two main Ancient Egyptian dogmas, namely the Heliopolitan Ennead and the Khemenu Hermupolitan Ogdoad, were definitely monotheistic in the conceptualization and description of the spiritual and the material universes. In opposition to them stood the Ptah Memphitic dogma, Egypt’s central polytheistic faith, and after the beginning of the 16th c. BCE, the Amun Trinity, which was a theological system composed in order to constitute the imperial religion propagated from Thebes of Egypt (Niwt).

The strong presence of Egyptian monotheists in Serabit al Khadim is also confirmed by the construction of a temple of Aten, which may have been still operational after the Amun polytheist restoration in the Valley of the Nile.    

https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/x30546

https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/Y_EA14953

There is another crucial confirmation of the monotheistic character of the Ancient Egyptian settlement at Serabit al Khadim, in spite of the undeniable presence of a small temple dedicated to Ptah that was also excavated there; in any case, contrasting priesthoods coexisted almost always in Ancient Egypt, of course in incessant strife against one another. This issue has to do with something that many specialists observed, studied, published, but never explained. The majestic location is also known for the numerous samples of the so-called Proto-Sinaitic script that are found there. This early alphabetic system is documented due to ca. 40 inscriptions or fragments noticed in the surroundings of the Hathor Temple.

Proto-Sinaitic inscriptions

Proto-Sinaitic inscriptions n. 345, 374 and 353

Birth of the Proto-Sinaitic alphabet at Wadi el Hol and Serabit al Khadim

Proto-Sinaitic script on the Sphinx found in Serabit al Khadim

This is an early Canaanite script that seems to be at the very origin of the Phoenician, Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek alphabets from one side, and of the Ancient Yemenite (mistakenly called ‘South Arabian’) script from the other side. The samples are dated in the 1st half of the 2nd millennium BCE (mainly in the period 1800-1600 BCE); they corresponded to a Northwest Semitic language from which seem to originate those of the Ancient Canaanites, the Phoenicians, and the Ancient Hebrews. As texts, the inscriptions of Serabit al Khadim are mainly votive, and they were found among hieroglyphic and hieratic inscriptions. About:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_script

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula

Although not abundant, the material record enables us to comprehend what truly was happening in the Hathor Temple. Due to the apparent presence of numerous foreign workers of Northwest Semitic origin, some priestly scribes of the temple decided to introduce a new, relatively easy, writing system among the foreigners. This would closely associate these people with the Hathor priesthood, facilitate the priestly control of them, and finally turn these populations into tools of regional influence; this is so because some of these workers could be dispatched among the tiny Canaanite kingdoms of the 1st half of the 2nd millennium BCE as agents. In fact, during the 18th dynasty (1600-1300 BCE), we observe exactly this type of relationship between Egypt and the various Canaanite tributary princes whose correspondence with the pharaoh has been made known with the discovery of the Amarna Letters.    

Saying that we attest in the Serabit al Khadim Hathor Temple around 1700 BCE the preparatory work for what we find in the Egyptian colonies in South Canaan 250 years later may be an understatement. During the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt (1783-1540 BCE) and, more particularly, throughout the time of the notorious 15th dynasty (the Hekau Khasut/Hyksos Kings: 1650-1550 BCE), the wider region around may have been an extraterritorial entity totally out of the hands of the evil and blasphemous kings of Avaris, who were named after the Ancient Egyptian name for Satan (Apep/Apophis). About:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyksos

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avaris

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apepi

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apep

At this point, I want to totally reject the unsubstantiated theory of Lina Eckenstein (1857-1931), a pseudo-scientific figure who worked for some time as assistant of the famous English Egyptologist Sir Flinders Petrie; just impressed by the superb site and backed by her skills as failed astrologer and disqualified soothsayer, she claimed that Serabit al Khadim was the location where Moses obtained the Two Tablets with the Ten Commandments. There is nothing in support of this absurd idea. About: Serabit el Khadim, Hathor, Moses, Mount Sinai and the Exodus

https://whatmakespeopletick.blogspot.com/2016/06/serabit-el-khadim-hathor-moses-mount.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lina_Eckenstein

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablets_of_Stone

The undeniable fact is however that Biaw (as the Ancient Egyptians named the land that we now mistakenly call ‘Sinai Peninsula’) was administratively considered as an extension of the 14th nome (‘province’) of the Lower Egypt, which was known as the ‘easternmost land’ (‘heneti iabti’; ḫntỉ-ỉꜣbtỉ). This is therefore in evident agreement with the Biblical reference to the land Goshen (where the Ancient Hebrews had settled), which has been identified by many specialists as the northeastern extremities of the Delta. About: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nome_(Egypt)

So, we can conclude that it is absolutely misplaced to locate the Crossing of the Red Sea in any of the first four among the five aforementioned alternatives, because in each of those cases, the departing Ancient Hebrews would cross a body of water after which the land would still be part of Egypt. There is in fact only one land toward which the Ancient Hebrews would go without having the fear to find there Egyptian soldiers, officers and Pharaonic administrators: outside Egypt. This means that the Exodus must have most probably taken place from Serabit al Khadim to the southernmost confines of what we call today ‘Sinai Peninsula’ around Sharm el Sheikh, namely any location between the promontories Ras Muhammad and Ras Nasrani.

Then, to offer a plausible answer to all those, who stick to the point that the Biblical Masoretic text mentions ‘yam suph’, which means ‘the Sea of Reeds’ (and not the ‘Red Sea’), one can very reasonably dissociate the Exodus event from the Eastern Delta regions and associate it with the Tiran straits, by merely stating that there may have been reeds in the Tiran straits at the time. Nature has changed significantly over the past 3250 years.

About:  

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ras_Muhammad_National_Park

https://www.tutu.ru/geo/egypt/kurort/ras-nasrani/

https: snorkelaroundtheworld com/2022/08/ras-nasrani-snorkeling/

V. Straits of Tiran: Red Sea Crossing, World Politics, and Moses’ Formidable Double Stratagem

We can therefore conclude that the only plausible itinerary that the Ancient Hebrews and the Egyptian monotheists made after crossing the Straits of Tiran involved the following:

a- wandering through the NW extremities of the Hejaz (in today’s Saudi Arabia);

b- passing by Jabal al-Lawz (جبل اللوز) and Jabal al Maqla (جبل مقلة; lit. ‘burnt mountain’) that several explorers and authors, like Ron Wyatt, Lennart Möller and Bob Cornuke, identified as the Biblical and Quranic Mount Sinai; at this point, I have to add that quite pointlessly several academics, like James K. Hoffmeier, attempted to refute the conclusions drawn by those explorers, without however bringing serious arguments to the forefront of the discussion;

c- crossing certain parts of the Land Midian (מִדְיָן; مدين; Μαδιάμ), which was named after a son of Abraham; I have to herewith add that the Land Midian was quite well known to Moses himself, because according to the Biblical and Quranic sources, the leader of the monotheists, long before the Exodus, had to escape there alone, lest the pharaoh did not kill him (which automatically lets us understand that Moses had a certain experience in crossing those frontiers); and

d- advancing through parts of today’s South Jordan and South Israel, i.e. the Negev desert (הַנֶּגֶב; ٱلنقب; ἔρημος); it must be noted that the modern use of the term covers a slightly different region than the Biblical term. About:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straits_of_Tiran

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiran_Island

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midian

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabal_al-Lawz

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/جبل_اللوز

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/جبل_مقلة

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabal_Maqla

Jebel Al-Lawz

https://biblearchaeology.org/research/exodus-from-egypt/4217-thoughts-on-jebel-allawz-as-the-location-of-mount-sinai

https://www.dangerousroads.org/asia/arabian-peninsula/6495-jabal-al-lawz.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Wyatt

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart_M%C3%B6ller

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Cornuke

https://baseinstitute.org/pages/mt-sinai

https://www amazon com/Explore-Life-Searching-Locations-Bible/dp/B07WHFC7RM/ref=sr_1_5?qid=1694881140&refinements=p_27%3ABob+Cornuke&s=books&sr=1-5

“The Search for the Real Mount Sinai” w/ Bob Cornuke

https://www youtube com/watch?v=bE_dKLz-v6k

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_K._Hoffmeier

https://wyattmuseum.com/discovering/mt-sinai

https nypost com/2021/10/02/archaeologist-claims-mount-sinai-found-in-saudi-arabia/

https://www.tovresearch.com/exodus.html

https doubtingthomasresearch com/

(Jim and Penny Caldwell) https://www.splitrockresearch.org/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses_in_Islam

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses_in_Islam#Escape_to_Midian_and_Marriage

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_and_Quranic_narratives#Moses_(M%C5%ABs%C4%81)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negev

Spending 40 years to cross these arid lands and circumferences, the monotheists, who followed Moses, in reality, carried out a unique double stratagem; in fact, they left Egypt in the last years of Merenptah’s reign (1213-1203 BCE), and most probably after the early clash between Egypt and the Sea Peoples, namely the Battle of Perire (1208 BCE) during which the Egyptian army managed to disperse the alliance made between the Berbers (Libyans) and the Sea Peoples. The deep religious division that characterized Egypt and the persecution that had taken place totally destabilized the country, which resulted in fanatic polytheists as monarchs and in conspiring viziers, priests, administrators and generals.

This situation became evident after Merenptah’s death, when Seti II (1203-1197 BCE), Amenmesse (as usurper; 1201-1198 BCE), (Seti II’s consort) Tausret (1197-1189; she ruled in reality only after Siptah’s death, but her rule ended in civil war), and Siptah (1197-1191 BCE) ruled in chaotic conditions gravely endangering Egypt’s existence. This means that neither the staunch monotheists’ survival in Egypt was guaranteed nor the very existence of the state promised. The menacing horizon could eventually turn the land of civilization into an inferno of barbarism, if the Sea Peoples won at the battlefield and invaded Egypt. If this occurred, the staunch monotheists under Moses should not be there, but preserve themselves intact in another location. Even more so, because Tausret seems to have been identical with Thuoris (Θούωρις), “who” -as specified by Manetho {Aigyptiaca; Fr. 55 (from Syncellus) According to Africanus}- “in Homer is called Polybus, husband of Alcandra, and in whose time Troy was taken, reigned for 7 years”.

When Setnakhte (1189-1186 BCE), founder of the 20th dynasty and father of Ramesses III, took power in Egypt, very little time was left to Egypt; concealed behind intensely codified Pharaonic names, the few remaining Egyptian monotheists had first to decontaminate the Egyptian army and administrative body from all the subversive agents of the polytheists, namely the Memphitic priests of Ptah and the Theban clergy of Amun, and second to demarcate clearly the polytheist clergy’s role as exclusively sacerdotal of nature with absolutely no impact on the governance of the country.

Ramesses (1186-1155 BCE) had to deliver three battles {as recorded in the inscriptions found on the walls of his mortuary temple at Medinet Habu (Luxor West) in the years 5, 8 (known as the Battle of Djahy; 1178 BCE) and 12 (known as the Battle of the Delta; 1175 BCE} of his reign to save his country and the History of Mankind. Egypt had to exercise its foremost spiritual powers and rely on the most ancient techniques of ethereal potency in order to compactly panic and horrendously confuse the barbarian attackers. So, spiritually dismantled, forcefully subdued, electrically stricken, and magnetically decomposed the defeated Sea Peoples were that they could never recover and actually their scattered parts and tribes never recovered. About:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merneptah

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Perire

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End_of_the_19th_Dynasty

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seti_II

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenmesse

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twosret

https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Manetho/History_of_Egypt/2*.html {Fr. 56 (a) (from Syncellus) According to Eusebius}

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siptah

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setnakhte

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twentieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramesses_III

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Djahy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Delta

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_Peoples

And this shows the other half of Moses’ double stratagem; if the Pelasgians-Peleset-Philistines and the other Sea Peoples were successful in their attacks against Egypt, they would control the country, strengthening the religious force of the Memphitic and Theban polytheists (pretty much like two millennia later Charlemagne helped consolidate the power of the heretic Roman Catholic church). In such case, the Philistines would form a strong basis (a military encampment) in the southern confines of Canaan from where they would sustain their presence in Egypt. If the Philistines were defeated (as they actually were), they would apparently scatter (as they did) in the southern coast lands of Canaan, establishing primitive social structures and continuing their lives there (which is what happened).

By spending 40 years in the desert, the staunch monotheists, who followed Moses, took some distance, and gave themselves space and time; thus they could observe what would happen to Egypt and to its ferocious enemies, and then act accordingly. A defeat of Egypt may have sent them back to liberate the country from the evil and barbarian Sea Peoples, but as it happened, this was not needed.

The meaning of the original text of the Exodus was modified later, when the Ancient Hebrew kingdoms needed legends and epics to establish their monarchical ideology and to give themselves the role of the ‘chosen people’, which was the quintessence of the Assyrian imperial universalism, monotheistic dogma, messianic vocation, and eschatological belief. Duly Canaanized, the descendants of the Egyptian and the Hebrew monotheists, who followed Moses in the desert, became a ‘nation’ like the rest and the polytheistic rituals were only one aspect of their spiritual fornication. That is why it is difficult to understand the Biblical prophets: because the Egyptian past of the Ancient Hebrews was methodically de-contextualized long before this populace attributed to themselves a role invented by others in Mesopotamia, and not in Egypt.

But it is only due to this interpretation that Hosea (Ὡσηὲ) becomes meaningful (7:11): “And Ephraim was as a silly dove, not having a heart: he called to Egypt, and they went to the Assyrians” (καὶ ἦν Ἐφραὶμ ὡς περιστερὰ ἄνους οὐχ ἔχουσα καρδίαν· Αἴγυπτον ἐπεκαλεῖτο καὶ εἰς Ἀσσυρίους ἐπορεύθησαν).

VI. Iranians, Macedonians, Aramaeans, Romans: Reasons for the Confusion about the True Location of Mount Sinai

The confusion, which later covered the topic of the true location of Mount Sinai, has much to do with the numerous divisions (Cushitic-Sudanese pharaohs of the 25th dynasty vs. Berber-Libyan pharaohs of the 26th dynasty) and the various, successive conquests of Egypt (Assyrian, Iranian, Macedonian, and Roman), the loss of the largest part of Ancient Hebrews (conquest of Samaria by Sargon/Sharrukin II and transportation of the entire population of Ancient Israel, i.e. the ten tribes, to the northeastern provinces of Assyria; 721-718 BCE), the extensive destructions that took place during the conquest of Judah, namely the remaining two tribes, and Jerusalem (589-586 BCE) by the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar, and the overwhelming transformation of the Ancient Hebrew religion into ‘Judaism’ during the Achaemenid times (550-330 BCE).

As a matter of fact, the very last indication that we have about Ancient Hebrews remembering correctly the location of Mount Sinai (or Horeb) is found in III Kings 19:8 (in modern English translations, such as NIV: I Kings 19:8); Elijah needed indeed ’40 days and 40 nights’ in order to reach the location (“So he got up and ate and drank. Strengthened by that food, he traveled forty days and forty nights until he reached Horeb, the mountain of God”; “καὶ ἀνέστη καὶ ἔφαγε καὶ ἔπιε· καὶ ἐπορεύθη ἐν ἰσχύϊ τῆς βρώσεως ἐκείνης τεσσαράκοντα ἡμέρας καὶ τεσσαράκοντα νύκτας ἕως ὄρους Χωρήβ”).

The most probable reason for the ensued confusion must be the fact that the long duration of the Iranian, Macedonian (: mainly Ptolemaic) and Roman occupation and administration of Egypt involved also the annexation and government of Palestine (or Judea) by the said empires; this resulted in new demarcation lines, administrative changes, and transfer of lands from one province to another, as different parameters weighed in to improve the local governance and the province functionality or also cross-province functionality. The aforementioned changes that impacted the topic of our research (namely the confusion about the exact location of the Biblical Mount Sinai/Horeb) concern basically two issues:

-the ‘Sinai Peninsula’ (to use the modern name of the region) started being viewed as part of Palestine (and at times, of ‘Arabia Petraea’: see below), and not of Egypt;

-the demarcation of boundaries between Palestine (at times called Judea) and Arabia Petraea varied from time to time. In this regard, several changes were not accepted unanimously, more particularly because they were meaningless to different people. Consequently, these changes were not reflected in their historical sources.

With the importance that the Gulf of Suez and the Gulf of Aqaba acquired for the Achaemenid Empire and following the circumnavigation of the Arabian Peninsula, the ‘Sinai Peninsula’ became an important region for the transportation of trade (and eventually army) from the Persian Gulf to Egypt and vice versa.

With the increased role that the Aramaean merchants acquired within and beyond the borders of Iran, we observe a growing number of Aramaean trade colonies being established across the vast trade network that we nowadays conventionally call ‘the Silk-, Spice- and Perfume-Routes across Lands, Deserts and Seas’. This does not only concern the famous caravan cities, like Hatra, Nasibin (Nisibis), Urhoy/Urfa (Edessa of Osrhoene), Tadmor (Palmyra), Dura Europos, Rekem/Petra, some of which were the capital cities of rather short-lived kingdoms; it also involves the foundation of new cities like Qena (Kaine; Καινή), an Aramaean outpost in Upper Egypt, Gerrha (Γέρρα), a major Chaldean Aramaean entrepôt and port of call in the Persian Gulf (ca. 100 km west of Abu Dhabi in today’s UAE coast land), which rivaled with or even surpassed Alexandria in wealth, and Ptolemais Theron (Islamic times’ Suakin / Sawakin), a Ptolemaic colony in Sudan’s Red Sea coast land (east of the continental kingdom of Cush that had Meroe as capital).

These developments ushered the local people into a totally new world, which was highly interconnected, markedly multicultural, and open to new faiths, mysticisms, cults and interpretations; however, within a shell of universality, interdependence and cohabitation, many atrocities could happen and did actually happen.

The Egyptian Ptolemaic control over Sinai was not the first period during which the southern parts of Canaan and the Sinai Peninsula were parts of Kemet (: the most common name of Ancient Egypt in Egyptian hieroglyphics meant ‘the Black Land’); however, it was the first time when so many non-Egyptians were present and active in those regions: Iranians, Aramaeans, Yemenites and some Arabs. The entire area had a major strategic role as it was the borderland between Egypt and Seleucid Syria, a mighty opponent. Leaving aside the periods of Assyrian and Iranian occupation of Egypt, the Ptolemaic-Seleucid conflict was a real historical ‘remake’ of the Hittite-Egyptian rivalry.

This situation triggered the inception of the Aramaean Nabataean kingdom (3rd c. BCE – 106 CE), which -with capital at Rekem/Petra (Πέτρα) and necropolis at Hegra (Έγρα; ٱلْحِجْر) / Mada’in Saleh (مَدَائِن صَالِح)- controlled a sizeable territory including the northwestern confines of today’s Saudi Arabia (Hegra is located 560 km south of Petra and only 360 km north of Medina), the southern half of the modern kingdom of Jordan, and occasionally the eastern part of the Sinai Peninsula and the southern half of the state of Israel. It is noteworthy that, even without a proper kingdom in their hands, the indomitable Nabataean Aramaeans were able to inflict a very humiliating defeat on the Macedonian general Antigonus I Monophthalmus (the ‘one-eyed’) in 312 BCE (during the Third War of the Diadochi), when the inconsiderate combatant had adventured in the whereabouts of Petra.  

Rekem / Petra

Rekem / Petra

Rekem / Petra

Hegra / Mada’in Saleh

Hegra / Mada’in Saleh

The Nabataean kingdom played an important role in the increased trade between Alexandria and India, and if we believe the comparisons made by the partially pro-Roman Strabo, it had an even more significant position in the dramatically increased trade between Rome and China in the first decades after Octavian’s invasion and annexation of Egypt. The transformation of Egypt into a Roman province (30 BCE), the end of the Hasmonean kingdom of Herod the Great (37-4 BCE), and the short-lived Herodian Tetrarchy (4 BCE – 44 CE) only accentuated the importance of the Nabataeans, who accumulated great wealth due to the control of a part of the trade with the East that they were able to undertake.

The Roman conquest of Jerusalem (70 CE) in particular, the three Roman-Jewish wars in general {namely the First Roman-Jewish War (66-73 CE), the Second Roman-Jewish War (also known as Tumultus Iudaicus or the Kitos War, after the name of the Berber Roman general Lusius Quietus/Λούσιος Κυήτος, who was the 11th legate of Judaea; 115-117 CE), and the Bar Kokhba revolt (132-136 CE)}, and the ensued stupendous destructions, involving the death, the enslavement, and the dispersion of a great number of Jews, also contributed to the lack of knowledge (and therefore confusion) about the location of the Biblical Mount Sinai.

As a matter of fact, the Nabataean kingdom was imperatively mentioned in the leading historical source about the trade between Alexandria, East Africa, Yemen, Iran, India, the Deccan, and China, namely the Periplus of the Red Sea (Περίπλους της Ερυθράς Θαλάσσης; also known as the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea), which was written during the second half of the 1st c. CE by an anonymous Egyptian Alexandrian captain and merchant; the text details the navigation, the trade, the local societies, kingdoms, and ports of call, as well as the climatological imperatives throughout the Eastern coast of Africa (down to today’s Darussalam in Tanzania), the coasts of Arabia, Yemen, Iran, India and the Deccan, and up to Chryse (lit. ‘the Golden’, i.e. Indonesia) and China. In its 19th paragraph, the Periplus of the Red Sea mentions the Aramaean Nabataean king Maliku (Malichus II):  

“Now to the left of Berenice, sailing for two or three days from Mussel Harbor eastward across the adjacent gulf, there is another harbor and fortified place, which is called White Town, from which there is a road to Petra, which is subject to Malichas, King of the Nabataeans. It holds the position of a market-town for the small vessels sent there from Arabia; and so a centurion is stationed there as a collector of one-fourth of the merchandise imported, with an armed force, as a garrison”.

In the beginning of the 2nd c. CE, it became very clear that the Nabataean profit meant expensive products for Rome; following the death of Rabbel II (106 CE), Roman army was dispatched from Syria (the Sixth Ferrata legion) and Egypt (the Third Cyrenaica legion) to terminate the local structure and annex the territory. After invading Bosra (Βόστρα) and Petra, the Romans advanced in the south down to Hegra, also putting Leuke Kome (Λευκή Κώμη; White Town) under control. The events took place shortly before Trajan’s expeditions against Parthia (Arsacid Iran), during which (114-117 CE) Trajan proved to be the only Roman emperor to have reached the western shore of the Caspian Sea and the creek of the Persian Gulf in person.

Roman Empire around 125 CE

It was then (107-110 CE) that, during the tenure (106-116 CE) of the Greek Pontic Gaius Claudius Severus as the first governor of the new Roman province, the Via Traiana Nova (‘Trajan’s New Road’) was constructed to link Bosra and Petra with Aelana (modern Eilat in Israel and Aqaba in Jordan), and the Limes Arabicus (the desert frontier of the Roman Empire) was demarcated, involving the building of fortresses and watchtowers. The ultimate consequence of all these developments was the inception of the Roman province of Arabia Petraea.

Last, an even greater change, which took place as a consequence of the Roman annexation of the Nabataean kingdom, was the introduction of the Bostran Era, which was a lunisolar calendar that started on 22nd March 106 CE. The names of the months corresponded to those of the ancient Macedonian calendar, but the existing documentation (in Aramaic, Nabataean, Arabic and Alexandrian Koine) preserved mostly the Aramaean Nabataean equivalents. Furthermore, the Bostran Era was the calendar of all the Arab and Yemenite Christians in pre-Islamic times; it was still in use at least 100 years after the Hijri calendar was introduced among Muslims, in spite of the explicit rebuttal of the lunisolar calendars by prophet Muhammad (a position that was due to the fact that these calendars necessitate intercalary months).  

Petra became the capital of the Roman province ‘Arabia Petraea’ (106 CE); initially, this province incorporated lands of Syria south of Damascus, the western part of Jordan, the Sinai Peninsula, and the NW confines of Saudi Arabia. The part between Petra and Bosra was the true center of gravitation in the new province; major cities or urban centers involved notably Philadelphia (today’s Amman), Gerasa (Jerash/ جرش; Γέρασα), etc. At the time, the Roman Province Judea still existed, but it was merged with Syria in 135 CE. Arabia Petraea remained a province of the Roman Empire and later the Eastern Roman Empire for more than 600 years, being a rather peaceful frontier zone.

Following a local rebellion, under Septimius Severus (193-211 CE), the Roman province of Syria was divided into three parts, namely Syria-Coele, Syria-Phoenice, and Syria-Palestina (Palaestina); this surely increased the importance of Arabia Petraea, taken into consideration the rivalry of the two provinces that had already lasted for a century. The Roman Emperor even enlarged the territory of the loyal province.

Later, during the process of restructuring of the Roman Empire under Diocletian (284-305 CE), the southern part of the province of Arabia Petraea was transferred to Syria-Palestina; it then became a division of the ‘Diocese of the East’ (Dioecesis Orientis), which was a major component of the Praetorian prefecture of the Orient (Praefectura Praetorio Orientis; Ἔπαρχότητα / ὑπαρχία τῶν πραιτωρίων τῆς ἀνατολῆς). Last, during the 4th c., Palestina was divided into three sections, namely Palaestina Prima, Palaestina Secunda, and Palaestina Salutaris (or Tertia), which incorporated the Sinai Peninsula. Arabia was then shrunk into a small piece of land between Bosra and Philadelphia (Amman). Petra was included in Palaestina Salutaris.

Diocese of the East – Dioecesis Orientis, ca. 400 CE

Praetorian Prefectures, and the Praetorian prefecture of the Orient

Palaestina Prima, Palaestina Secunda, and Palaestina Salutaris (or Tertia)

Subsequently, the confusion about the geographical and administrative terms ‘Egypt’, ‘Palestine’, and ‘Arabia’ was plain and the uncertainly about the correct location of the Biblical Mount Sinai was absolute. For this reason, the Tiran Island (جزيرة تيران; יוטבת; Ἰωτάβη; Iotapa) was represented Council of Chalcedon (451 CE) by bishop Macarius whose diocese belonged to the Eastern Roman province Palestina Tertia (and not to Arabia or Egypt). The same is valid for bishop Anastasius of Iotapa, who participated in the Council of Jerusalem (536 CE). It was an absurdity that the Tiran Island (Iotabe) was considered to be part of ‘Palestine’ and at the same time, the Sinai Mountain was believed to be located where it is thought to be today, but the confused minds of the people of those days were not able to discern it.

The Tiran straits

About:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabataean_Kingdom

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigonid%E2%80%93Nabataean_confrontations

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert_of_Paran

Philip Mayerson, The Pharanitai in Sinai and in Egypt {The Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists Vol. 47 (2010), pp. 225-229 (5 pages)}

https://www.jstor.org/stable/24519797

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodian_kingdom

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodian_tetrarchy#See_also

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(70_CE)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_War#Aftermath

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitos_War

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusius_Quietus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_Kokhba_revolt

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_wars

https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Periplus_of_the_Erythraean_Sea#Periplus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbel_II_Soter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosra

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trajan#Nabataean_annexation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leuke_Kome

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via_Traiana_Nova

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Claudius_Severus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limes_Arabicus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Petraea

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Roman_Empire_125_political_map.svg

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bostran_era

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasi%27

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese_of_the_East

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Late_Roman_provinces#Diocese_of_Oriens

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiran_Island#Ancient_history_-_Iotabe

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Jerusalem_(536)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaestina_Salutaris

VII. From Ptolemy’s Geography to Al Biruni’s Chronology

Writing his illustrious Geography (Γεωγραφικὴ Ὑφήγησις; lit. ‘Instruction on Geography) in the first half of the 2nd c. CE, the Egyptian geographer, astronomer and mathematician Ptolemy divided the Arabian Peninsula into three parts, namely

a- Arabia Petraea (lit. ‘Rocky Arabia’), which basically consisted in a mountainous region stretched from the Gulf of Aqaba (Ελανίτης κόλπος; Elanite Gulf) to the southern confines of Syria and Palestine (or Judaea) and from the Gulf of Suez to the desert inland (which was called Arabia Deserta); this means that it included the entire region that we now call ‘Sinai Peninsula’. Among the cities mentioned by Ptolemy, we find Petra, Gerasa, Bosra and Elana (Ελάνα; Eilat/Aqaba) in the creek of the Elanite Gulf.   

b- Arabia Deserta (Έρημος Αραβία); as per Ptolemy’s Geography, this region was located south of ‘Mesopotamia’, west of Babylonia (which is the land we now call ‘South Mesopotamia’), east of Syria, Palestine and Arabia Petraea, and north of Arabia Felix (see below); this means that this part comprised the vast interior of the peninsula, involving several deserts, namely the Najd, the Nafud, the Dahna, and the Rub’ al Khali. Arabia Deserta was therefore thought of as totally deprived of coastlands.

c- Arabia Felix (or Eudemon Arabia; Ευδαίμων Αραβία); many modern scholars identify this region with just Yemen and Hadhramaut (the former states of North and South Yemen), but this is very wrong; a careful reading of Ptolemy’s Geography enables us to fully comprehend that the term ‘Arabia Felix’ denotes the following lands:

i- the long, mountainous region stretched (alongside the Red Sea coast of the Arabian Peninsula) from the Gulf of Aqaba to the oasis of Najran, which is the northernmost part of Yemen (being currently occupied by Saudi Arabia); ca. 1400 km long and about 100-150 km wide, this zone corresponds vaguely to the geographical term Hejaz (الحجاز‎) of the Islamic times. The Arabic term denotes the ‘barrier’, meaning the mountains that separate the desert (in the east) from the Tihamah plain (in the west). This narrow and oblong plain is located between the western slopes of those mountains and the Red Sea shore;

ii- the aforementioned lands that are regularly identified as ‘Arabia Felix’ by modern scholars, namely Yemen and Hadhramaut; and

iii- the lands of the modern states of Oman, UAE, and Qatar, as well as the Saudi coast land in the Persian Gulf almost up to today’s Kuwait. However, it has to be added that these Ancient Greek and Latin terms were used to also denote the city and harbor of Aden, which was the major entrepôt and port of call throughout the Arabian Peninsula (mentioned in the paragraph 26 of the Periplus of the Red Sea as part of the then merged kingdoms of Sheba and Himyar).

It goes without saying that the Roman province of Arabia Petraea was only a small part in the north-westernmost confines of the Arabian Peninsula. Contrarily, Arabia Deserta and Arabia Felix comprised of the major chunks of the peninsula. It is quite interesting to note that Ptolemy the Geographer describes the location and details the sites (and their positions) of Arabia Petraea in the seventeenth chapter of the fifth book of his masterpiece. The Greek text is available here – on p. 68 (Lib. V, cap. 17):

Ptolemy then proceeds with the description and the details of Mesopotamia (on p. 70; Lib. V, cap. 18) and dedicates the 19th (penultimate) chapter of the 5th book to the presentation of Arabia Deserta (p. 74). The last (20th) chapter of this book concerns Babylonia, i. e. South Mesopotamia. After the end of this book, the 6th book starts with the presentation of Assyria, Media, Susiana, Persis, Parthia, and the Desert of Kerman (Καρμανία Έρημος). Then, the seventh chapter of the sixth book concerns Arabia Felix (on p. 97). I expand on the way the great scholar of the Late Antiquity classified and presented his explorations, data, studies and conclusions, because it is essential for every reader today to understand that the Earth in general and the various lands more particularly were viewed very differently at the time. About:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hejaz

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Felix

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Deserta

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Petraea

https://www.academia.edu/23214313/Meluhha_Gerrha_and_the_Emirates_by_Muhammad_Shamsaddin_Megalommatis

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najd

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nafud_desert

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad-Dahna_Desert

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rub%27_al_Khali

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_(Ptolemy)#Content

This is how Ptolemy the Geographer describes the confines of Arabia Petraea (§ 5.17.1):

«Arabia Petraea is bounded on the west by that part of Egypt to which we have referred; on the north by Palestina or Judaea and the part of Syria along dividing line; on the south by the inmost point of the Arabian gulf, at 63°30′ & 29°50′ and by the Heroopolite gulf from the limit of Egypt up to the Pharan promontory, which is located at 65°00′ & 28°30′ and by the near side of the Elanite gulf, until its return at 66°00′ & 29°00′ The position of Pharan Kome is .65°00′ & 28°40′ Elana Kome, which is located in the inmost recess of the bay of this name, has this position 65°50′ & 29°15’».

As I already pointed out, the Elanite Gulf is the Gulf of Aqaba; I further clarify now that the Heroopolite gulf is the Gulf of Suez. An English translation (Arabia Petraea: paragraph 5.17.1; Arabia Deserta: paragraph 5.19.1; and Arabia Felix: paragraph 6.7.1) is available here: https://topostext.org/work/209

About:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroopolite_Gulf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert_of_Paran

https://nabataea.net/explore/founding_of_islam/ptolemy-and-mecca/

Writing no less than 850 years after Ptolemy completed his Geography, Al Biruni (البيروني; Abu Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni being his complete name; 973-1048) referred to the Exodus in his grand opus ‘Chronology’. The complete title of the majestic opus is (کتاب الآثار الباقية عن القرون الخالية/Kitab al-athar al-baqiyah ‘an al-qurun al-khaliyah) ‘the Remaining Signs of the Past Centuries’; it was completed around the year 1000. According to conventional wisdom, this masterpiece consists in a comparative investigation, discussion, and presentation of different calendars and chronological systems that were in use among people of different religions, cultures and countries.

It goes without saying that, to undertake such an enormous effort, the Chorasmian (Khawarizmi) Iranian erudite scholar Al Biruni (whose name originates from the Farsi word ‘birun’ which means ‘the periphery’ or ‘the suburbs’, thus denoting that the person was born outside an urban center) had learned and was able to read Syriac, Hebrew, Sanskrit and Greek, in addition to Farsi, Arabic, and several other Iranian and Turanian languages. To proceed to this research, Al Biruni was already highly knowledgeable in, and well acquainted with, Zoroastrianism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity (involving Orthodoxy, Monophysitism/Miaphysitism, and Nestorianism), Judaism, Gnosticisms and Manichaeism. In addition, he had clearly accumulated an impressively vast documentation.

However, Al Biruni’s Chronology is much more than the display of highly valuable skills in diverse fields, such as mathematics, linguistics, astronomy, physics, history of religion, geography, ethnography, and wisdom, which is an Islamic field superior to ‘philosophy’. A brief look at the Table of Contents of his superb treatise (involving 21 chapters) is quite convincing.

Before expanding on the calendars, the months, and the festivals of the Persians, the Sogdians, the Chorasmians (Khawarizmis), the Greeks, the Jews, the Christians, the Nestorians, as well as those of the Mithraic Magi, the Sabians, the pre-Islamic Arabs, and the Muslims, Al Biruni wrote entire chapters on ‘the Derivation of the Eras from each other’, ‘the different Opinion of various Nations regarding the king called Dhu-al Qarnayn’, ‘the Nature of the Eras’, and ‘the Nature of that which is composed of Days, viz. Months and Years’. This shows that the quintessence of the Science that he served, explored and developed was totally different from what people today believe as ‘science’; this is so because for Al Biruni the material universe could not possibly exist without being fully parameterized after the spiritual universe. About:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Biruni

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Remaining_Signs_of_Past_Centuries

At the end of his 6th chapter, titled ‘On the Derivation of Eras from each other, and on the Chronological Dates, relating to the Commencements and the Durations of the Reigns of the Kings, according to the various Traditions’ (p. 87 of the book; p. 108 / 492 of the PDF, ed. C. Edward Sachau, London, 1879; see link above), Al Biruni writes the following paragraph in order to introduce a table of data, which is presented afterwards:

«The following is a synopsis of the years of their rulers, who ruled over them after their exodus from Egypt, when they marched towards Bahr al-Kulzum (the Red Sea) in order to pass it, and to Altih, a desert in Alhijaz, in the direction of Jerusalem».

The appellation Bahr al-Kulzum of the Red Sea is due to the Arabization of the Greek toponym Clysma (Κλῦσμα), which was a city and fortress (or military encampment) close to Arsinoe (today’s Suez) that was Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt’s greatest port of call in the Red Sea. During the Islamic ages, the use of the geographical term Bahr al-Kulzum differed from time to time and from author to author, meaning either the Gulf of Suez or the Red Sea down to the Straits of Bab al Mandeb.

The term «Altih desert» is a unique expression; quite interestingly, the term «التيه» (altih), including the Arabic article, is the very typical word used with respect to the desert that the Ancient Hebrews crossed after the Exodus and the Red Sea Crossing. The most interesting part of the excerpt is however Al Biruni’s firm designation of Altih desert as a location in Hejaz, not the peninsula that we call now Sinai. About:

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/تيه

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clysma

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsinoe_(Gulf_of_Suez)

Taking into consideration both, the period in which Al Biruni lived and wrote his grand opus and his strong acquaintance with Christians and Christian historical sources, we understand that, at a time when most of the Christians believed that the Biblical Mount Sinai was located in the whereabouts of St. Catherine Monastery, the correct knowledge about the original location of the holy place was still maintained among erudite scholars. As a matter of fact, the term Hejaz was never attributed to the land we now -mistakenly- call Mount Sinai. However, extensive research is urgently demanded for the whereabouts of Jebel al Lawz in order to confirm what many explorers were already able to deduce one way or another.

————————————————————————————————–

Download the article (text only) in PDF:

Download the article (with 107 pictures and legends) in PDF:

The Colonial Powers’ Most Ominous and Secret Evildoing: Cultural, Academic, and Educational Disconnection among all the Nations of the World

What follows is the publication of an exchange of email with a South Africa-based friend from Malawi whose interests cover all aspects of colonialism and colonially-imposed divisions, cultural alienation, and historical identity loss that the criminal colonial powers of France, England and America generated in Africa and worldwide.

———————- MY FRIEND’S FIRST EMAIL ————————

Hi Shamsaddin,

I can’t resist asking you these two questions:

It is true that Islam has its roots in Africa? Where is the Evidence (If Yes).

Who were the Ephraphites? I have noticed that the word is in the Jerusalem Bible but not in any other Bible. I know you are very conversant with the History of North Africa and the Middle East.

Kind regards,

Kondwani

———————- MY FIRST RESPONSE ————————————

Hi my dear friend.

Thank you for your questions!

 

 

I. The distortion of Ancient Oriental History as carried out by ignorant religious leaders

 

I start with your second point; you heard probably a mistaken pronunciation or you read the name misspelled.

It is Ephrath, so the people who live there are Ephrathites. Read this: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephrath

Every attempt to locate Ephrath outside Canaan is a distortion.

Bear in mind that «Ephrathite» is NOT a national name. It is an adjective formed out of a toponym: like ‘Berliner’ or ‘Parisian’ or ‘Muscovite’.

It is a most unimportant location in terms of Oriental History.

Anyone (as author) who focuses much on scarcely documented toponyms, instead of the main centers of the ancient world, like Nineveh, Assyria, Babylon, Thebes of Egypt, Heliopolis (Iwnw) and Memphis, Hattusas, Ugarit, Mari, Ebla, Kalhu, Persepolis, Byblus and Carthage, is most probably a forger.

In the cases of Ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt, you have hundreds of thousands of ancient texts that document all the details of those ancient civilizations.

The Ancient Hebrews and the Jews left few texts; the Bible is mostly unreliable and insignificant, and those who speak of it today, only misinterpret it for evil political reasons.

In any case, compared to the Assyrians, the Babylonians, the Hittites, the Egyptians and the Iranians, the Ancient Hebrews were a marginal, impotent and worthless state.

Focusing on them, instead of studying the other, sizeable and leading empires of the Ancient Orient and Africa is as if someone today ignores everything about Germany, China, the US, Russia, India, etc. and focuses too much on Singapore! That’s ridiculous!

 

 

II. Two points about Islam’s presence in Africa

 

No, Islam does not have its roots in Africa but in Arabia – Asia.

But it depends on what you mean by saying «Islam».

As per the Islamic viewpoint (which is mostly forgotten by most of today’s Muslims), Islam was not first preached by Prophet Muhammad but by Adam, Enoch, Noah and all the early prophets.

Islam means submission to or contact with God.

The epitome of Islam is the belief in One God (monotheism).

Now, if you mean that there were pre-Islamic monotheistic faiths and religions in Africa, then yes!

There was «Islam» in Africa long before Prophet Muhammad.

Pharaoh Akhenaten abolished Theban polytheism and instituted Atenism, a monotheistic religion in the middle of the 14th c. BCE. Monotheistic hymns to Aten are found copied and pasted in the Hebrew Bible. Without Akhenaten, there would never be Moses.

More:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhenaten

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atenism

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aten

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutankhamun

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarna

Best,

Shamsaddin

———————— MY FRIEND’S SECOND EMAIL ——————-

Good Morning Shamsaddin,

Thank you for your response. You have now given me good reason to rather dig further into History when it comes to what has been fed to us by the colonialists. Now I understand what is meant by the Bible being copied from much older books, for example I have come across an Ancient Egyptian text that the Psalms were copied from. The analogy you have used of Singapore has given me a better perspective of what ancient and available records bear witness to. I really appreciate it.

And about Islam you have given me the best answer, especially when you illustrate that it was rather preached by Adam initially. It makes a lot of sense now because somebody told me that it means `submitting to God’ but I needed further elaboration.

It is such knowledge that I have no doubt will fill the generation gap or find the missing link if we search hard enough and eventually empower us towards a brighter future. I love the thought of the unknown possibilities.

Enjoy the rest of your day further,

Regards,

K.

———————— MY SECOND RESPONSE ——————–

My dear friend,

Hope you and your family are doing well, being of the best health!

Your response contains many points worthy highlighting.

 

 

III. Viewpoints, nationalist Greco-centric psychopaths, and my personal standpoint as attested across my publications

 

You certainly understand that everything hinges on viewpoints, i.e. on through how many angles you saw a topic. This is a vast issue that applies to everything.

What I said to you about the small Ancient Hebrew state, comparing it to immense, sophisticated and very advanced empires of Assyria, Babylonia, Egypt and Iran, I also said in Greece back in the middle 1980s about the tiny Ancient Greek states (the likes of Sparta, Thebes, Corinth and Athens) that constituted the barbaric periphery of the then known world. I triggered an overwhelming rage among the idiotic, nationalistic, chauvinistic people who are omnipresent across the entire political spectrum of that unfortunate and ill-fated state. They accused me of high treason!

Haha! Stupid!

One of those guys – I still remember – asked me exactly this: “if your opinions are these, you Dr. Megalommatis, how have you been degraded so much as to become a ….. White”?

Of course, I did not answer, but I really enjoy it when my opponents make so devilish comments.

I regret for having not kept record of his name so that I ask him back in 2015 when Greece collapsed financially: “if your opinions are these, you Mr. Greek, how have you been degraded so much as to become a ….. bankrupt and a beggar”?

I found it amusing, rewarding and sublime!

When evil people hate you and insult you, God sends you a message that you are on the correct path.

I remained the same during my entire 35-year long career, which started only after 11 years of graduate, postgraduate and doctoral studies in more than 10 universities of 7 different countries were completed.

I always tell the truth however unpleasant or hurting it may be; as I say, between my country and the truth, I always side with the truth.

 

IV. Religion, Theology, Politics, and my personal standpoint as attested across my publications

 

The same happens when it comes with my religious beliefs; I was born Christian Orthodox, I rejected (but did not hate) Christianity, I was a Greek citizen without religion for some years, and then I adhered to Islam. This was a spiritual path and every person has his own path.

If Islam was good for me, Buddhism may be better for another European, and the Waaqeffanna traditional Oromo religion is perhaps the path of a third person from Europe.

But the spiritual choice must never affect the standard orientation of the heart and of the mind toward Truth.

So, I reject many wrong points that today’s Muslims believe as “religion” whereas these points are a pure matter of historical developments first distorted and then popularized.

Today’s Muslims, Christians, Hindus and many others fail to see the limits between Spirituality, Moral, Religion, Theology, and Politics.

Politics is impermissible in Religion, sinister in Moral, and diabolical in Spirituality.

Theology may eventually match with politics, but Theology consists in the most disastrous distortion of Religion, in the most calamitous breach of Moral, and in total abandonment of Spirituality.

However, I must admit that today many people deliberately confuse Religion with Theology; but this is perfectly revelatory of the evilness of politics which must not exist among the faithful anytime anywhere.

There was not any politics among your ancestors before 300 years (thank God!), there was not any politics among the ancestors of Oromos before 400 years, there was not any politics among the Ancient Egyptians of the times of Nechao (whose fleet achieved the circumnavigation of Africa), there was not any politics among the Ancient Somalis of Punt (Horn of Africa) when Pharaoh Hatshepsut (the World History’s first queen) sent her fleet there before ca. 3500 years, there was not any politics among Christian Eastern Romans of the times of Justinian I, there was not any politics among the Iranians of the times of Shapur II, there was not any politics at the times of Harun al Rashid, the Abbasid Caliphate’s greatest emperor before 1200 years, and more importantly, there was not any politics around Muhammad, there was not any politics around Jesus, there was not any politics around Zoroaster, Buddha and Confucius, there was not any politics around Moses, and so on.

Politics is the evil tool of post-Renaissance world gangsters in their attempt to first corrupt and then eliminate the Mankind.

I say all this because many people believe that my texts are affected by the fact that I am a Muslim. That’s very wrong and absolutely untrue. Oromos are divided among Islam, Waaqeffanna and Christianity, but I explicitly support Waaqeffanna as the most genuine religious choice for all Oromos. On the other hand, through many articles, I demanded as early as 2004 and 2005 the formation of a Christian Aramaean state in parts of today’s Iraq and Syria to save Oriental Christianity; this did not happen and I am sure that you know what evildoing happened instead….

Recently, I republished a series of articles that I published in 2007-2010 in favor of Kosovo, its secession from Serbia, its national independence, and its international recognition. I did not support Kosovo and the Kosovars’ plead for National Sovereignty because of the coincidence that they are Muslims and I am a Muslim too! I supported them because this was historically right and morally correct. If you don’t use moral criteria while evaluating historical developments or when siding with today’s conflicts, you end up a wild animal in today’s jungle.

A Greek friend of mine from Georgia (in the Caucasus region) wrote to me to react against my articles and say that Kosovo became a narco-trade center and a hub of Islamists. Nonetheless! Because they made a very bad use of their freedom, this does not mean that they should not become independent. My friend’s observations were correct, but his remarks wrong. By the way, do you know one modern state that is not ruled by narco-gangsters? There may be few exceptions, but you know, always an exception reconfirms the rule!

———————————-

1 Philae

Isis Temple at Philae Island, Egypt – It is impossible to study about it in a university in Iraq.

2 Nuri

Nuri Pyramids – Karima, Sudan – It is impossible to study about them in a university in Morocco.

3 Djenne Djenno

Djenne Mosque, Mali – It is impossible to study about it in a university in Somalia.

 

4 Ras Hafun 17 c mosque

Ras Hafun 17th c. Mosque, Somalia – It is impossible to study about it in a university in Sudan.

4 volubilis

Volubilis, Morocco – It is impossible to study about it in a university in Nigeria.

5 Queen Arwa mosque Jibla

Queen Arwa as-Sulayhi Mosque – Jibla, Yemen – It is impossible to study about it in a university in Egypt.

6 Dura Europos Sacrifice of Conon

The Sacrifice of Conon – Wall Painting of a Temple in Dura Europos, Syria – It is impossible to study about it in a university in Greece.  

7 Ancient wall of Zaria

7 Queen Amina of Zaria 1536-1566

The Ancient Wall of Zaria and the Muslim Queen Amina of Zaria (1536-1566) who led her armies at the battlefield – It is impossible to study about these topics in a university in Yemen.

8 Ajuraan Sultanate Ming China

Somali Ajuraan Sultanate and their relations with Ming China – It is impossible to study about them in a university in Turkey.  

Syrian Orthodox Monastery Mar Mattai, (St. Matthews Monastery) overlooking Mosul, Iraq, Middle East

Aramaean Mar Mattai Monastery – North of Mosul, Iraq – It is impossible to study about it in a university in Mexico.  

10 Nineveh walls

Nineveh Walls – Mosul, Iraq – It is impossible to study about them in a university in Algeria.

Iraq Madain - Apr 2005

Tesifun (Ctesiphon) – Al Mada’in, Iraq – It is impossible to study about it in a university in Azerbaijan.  

12 Takht e Soleyman

Takht-e Suleyman, Iran – It is impossible to study about it in a university in Lebanon.

13 Takshasila

Takshasila (Taxila), Pakistan – It is impossible to study about it in a university in Kazakhstan.  

14 Balkh

Balkh (Bactra), Afghanistan – It is impossible to study about it in a university in Palestine.

15 nemrut dagh

Colossal Head of Antiochus I at the Hierothesion of Antiochus I

Nemrut dağı – Adıyaman, Turkey – It is impossible to study about it in a university in Iran.

16 Shah Jahan abad

Shah Jahan-abad (Old Delhi), India – It is impossible to study about it in a university in Tanzania.

17 Registan S

Registan – Samarqand, Uzbekistan – It is impossible to study about it in a university in Indonesia.

18 Sigiriya SL

Sigiriya rock, citadel and palace, Sri Lanka – It is impossible to study about it in a university in Malaysia.  

19 Borobudur

Borobudur – Central Java, Indonesia – It is impossible to study about it in a university in Pakistan.

20 Xian Great Mosque

Great Mosque at Xi’an, Ancient Capital of China – It is impossible to study about it in a university in Turkmenistan…….   

…….. but it is always possible to study about all the above mentioned topics in universities in Denmark, Austria, Holland, Belgium, Sweden, Switzerland, Czechia and Finland.

 

——————————————-

 

 

V. The first Victims of the Colonial Falsehood are the Western Europeans and the North Americans.

 

You say something critical: “what has been fed to us by the colonialists”. This is true, but this is only partly true. And if you don’t see the rest, you will never realize the extent of the problem.

The colonial falsehood diffused in Asia, Africa and Latin America to ensure obscurantism, failure, ignorance, deception and impotency really pales if compared to the earlier lies, historical distortions, and theoretical forgeries that the Western Europeans diffused among their own populations. Entire nations like the Italians, the Spaniards, the Germans, the Poles, the Greeks, the Russians, the Danes, the French, the English, the Dutch and many others had been fed with enormous quantities of deception and fallacy instituted as Enlightenment, Romanticism, Classicism and Renaissance (I advance backwards in time).

It is essential that you understand that the European populations were the first victims of 15th – 16th c. European intellectual, religious, spiritual, academic and scientific elite. Only because generations after generations of Western European populations believed the falsehood and the deception diffused among them, they were able to perform as colonial administrators, military, diplomats, academics, instructors and businessmen in Latin America, Africa, India, SE Asia, Middle East, and China.

First, they “believed” that their Christian past (330-1453) was a barbaric period called “Dark Ages”. That was wrong – it consisted in a vicious lie. They were civilized then, and they became barbarian with the Renaissance corruptive falsehood and intellectual contamination.

Then, they postulated that Greek and Roman Antiquity (500 BCE-330 CE) was a highly civilized period. That was wrong – it consisted in a vicious lie. The Western elites wanted only to portray the diabolical Ancient Greek orgies and Roman symposia as “civilization” and the religious (Christian, Islamic, Jewish and other) moral discipline and abstinence as “barbarism”.

Later, they idealized the Greek and Roman Antiquity, forcing European populations to reject their Christian identity and to stupidly imitate the Satanic rites performed in Ancient Greek and Roman temples dedicated to demons like Zeus, Hera, Apollo, Aphrodite, Vesta, Athena, Mercury, Saturn, etc. Read the Satanic works by Racine, notably Phaedra, to realize what I mean! Only a paranoid Satanist like Moliere could compose a nauseating and disgusting filth like Tartuffe as a villainous attack against the divine life style and the morals of the average Christians of his times.

Subsequently, being “sure” of their supremacy, the Satanic rulers of Western Europe noticed that Oriental Christians, Muslims, Africans, Hindus, Buddhists, Confucians and others differed from them; the difference of the others was tantamount to “inferiority” as per the already sick and corrupt minds of the 18th c. Europeans.

As they found superb references to the Ancient Oriental civilizations (Egypt, Assyria, Babylonia, Iran, Sudan and India) in the Ancient Greek and Latin texts, the first Western European Orientalist and Africanist explorers started their notorious itineraries. They had big amount of monies with them in order to purchase ancient documents, manuscripts, and various antiquities. But they did not love the lands they explored; they hated them terribly because they could not “find” there what they had read in the Ancient Greek and Latin texts.

 

 

VI. The Evil Colonial Deeds have nothing to do with Economic Exploitation, Military Presence or Political Interference: the Problem is elsewhere

 

This is the way the world’s most monumental lie started: Orientalism (including European Africanism).

Point 1 – Concealment of Ancient Greek and Roman acceptance of the Oriental and African Originality and Superiority in terms of Spirituality, Culture and Civilization

Western Europeans tried first to conceal the fact that the Ancient Greek and Latin texts are plenty of references testifying to the facts that the Ancient Greeks and the Romans viewed the Oriental civilizations as qualitatively superior to themselves and went there to study, to learn and to venerate. Ancient Greeks and Romans were honored to have Black hierophants, high priests, mystics and astronomers, cosmologists and spiritual masters as their teachers. The most important Ancient Greek author, Plutarch (1st – 2nd c. CE), the high priest of Ancient Greece’s most venerable temple, the Oracle at Delphi, wrote about the Ancient Egyptian Cosmogony, Spirituality and Eschatology in his De Iside et Osiride (: ‘About Isis and Osiris’ – part of his Moralia), also testifying to the diffusion of Ancient Egyptian religions, spiritual and esoteric rites, cults and faith among the Ancient Greeks.

The tendency went down to the Christian and Islamic times; St. Augustine, a major Father of the Christian Faith, was a Berber – a Black. His Roman and European disciples were White but had no problem. This was so because Christianity was a normal religion but it ceased to exist with the rise of the Satanic, Jesuit Renaissance.

Point 2 – Abysmal minimization of Ancient Oriental achievements, exploits, sciences and culture in parallel with a magnification of Ancient Greek and Roman deeds

Second, the Western European Orientalists and Africanists did their ingenious best to incessantly minimize the radiation and the achievements, the exploits and the masterpieces of all Oriental civilizations, while magnifying the achievements of the Ancient Greeks and the Romans.

Examples: on one hand, they magnify the exploits of Alexander the Great, who in reality invaded only one, vast but decayed, state: the Achaemenid Empire of Iran. The advance of Alexander beyond the eastern borders of Iran was minimal. On the other hand, they minimize the Egyptian invasions of Senusret (Sesostris) III (1878-1839 BCE), who crossed through Caucasus to the eastern coasts of the Black Sea and beyond, colonizing Colchis and Scythia. Why? Because this fact bears witness to Black people presence in Europe, as well as to the diffusion of Black civilization across the barbarian realms of 2nd millennium BCE Europe.

They minimize the Egyptian presence off the East African coastlands (Punt) and the Horn region as early as 2000-1500 BCE.  They minimize the extent of the Iranian invasion of Egypt, Libya and Sudan (: ‘Ethiopia’ in Ancient Greek texts) under the Achaemenid Iranian Emperor Kabujiya (Cambyses) II (530-532 BCE). Invading Napata (Karima in North Sudan: 750 km south of today’s Sudanese – Egyptian border alongside the Nile, so 2200 km from the present Egyptian – Palestinian border at Gaza), Cambyses was farther from his capital than Alexander was from his, 200 years later, when the Macedonian king invaded parts of the Indian North beyond Punjab (Pentapotamia).

The aforementioned is only indicative because, if I am to make a complete list of Orientalists’ and Africanists’ persistent effort of minimization of the achievements, the exploits and the unparalleled radiation of the Ancient Oriental and African civilizations, I will need a 100-volume encyclopedia.

Point 3 – Usurpation of an Ancient African Civilization: Ancient Crete is not a European island or civilization

Third, in their evil effort to fallaciously represent the Ancient Oriental civilizations, the Western European Hellenists, Latinists, Orientalists and Africanists depicted a genuinely African civilization as European: Minoan Crete. This disgraceful usurpation of African Heritage (King Minos was an Ancient Egyptian and he did indeed bear the name of an Ancient Egyptian God) was vitally necessary to the spiritual genocidal gangsters of the Western European universities, because they wanted to pretend that European History starts in Crete as early as 2500 BCE and offer thus a civilized Antiquity to the European barbarian past. This evil attempt orchestrated before more than 100 years by a most disreputable English pseudo-archaeologist, Arthur Evans, is a paranoid aberration.

Point 4 – Selected popularization of historical snapshots from the Ancient World to distort the average Westerners’ education and culture and to turn Europeans and Americans into racist supremacists

Fourth, the Western European and North American Hellenists, Latinists, Orientalists and Africanists undertook a vast but vicious project of selected popularization of historical snapshots from the Ancient World. Their yet unnoticed technique, which brings calamitous results in terms of historical forgery and total misrepresentation of the World History while also exonerating the scholars and academics of the Western World, consists in the attitude to expand (or diffuse or popularize) at the general public level prejudicially more about Herodotus and abysmally less about the Annals of Assurbanipal, more about the tragedies of Sophocles and less about the Assyrian-Babylonian epic of Gilgamesh, more about the discourses of Demosthenes and less about the Hittite epic of Ullikummi, and so on, and so on. Publishing houses, newspapers, TV channels, radio programs, weekly magazines and monthly reviews, as well as major Internet portals and mainstream sites have been ordered to proceed in this manner, and – worse – their home and school education predestines them to continue the evil practice. At this point again, the long list of the Western colonial deceitful priorities and sophisticated distortions would cover many volumes. Particularly, when it comes to the overwhelming Oriental and African impact on the foundations and the formation of civilizations in Europe, all average people in Europe and in North America are deliberately misinformed and systematically deceived.

Point 5 – Colonized nations prevented from studying, honoring, reassessing and delving into their historical past and cultural heritage

Fifth, the Western European and North American Hellenists, Latinists, Orientalists and Africanists systematically prevented all the indigenous nations from thoroughly studying their own past, from accurately assessing the unmatched greatness of their Cultural Heritage and from meticulously examining their ancestors’ determinant and overwhelming impact on the lower civilizations of Ancient Greece and Rome. Evil ideologies, historical forgeries, and political nonsense are mobilized in this case in order to totally disorient the indigenous nations of Asia and Africa: Fake Pan-Arabism, political Islam, Wahhabism, Marxism – Leninism, Fascism, Western Liberalism, Evolutionism, Materialism, Consumerism, Modernism, etc.

A very typical example is given by the education, the culture, the publications and the mass media of Egypt; although average Egyptians get an idea about the History of Ancient Egypt during the 3rd and the 2nd millennia BCE and also learn about the Islamic periods of History, they know nothing about the history of their country from the Iranian invasion under Cambyses II (525 BCE) to the arrival of Islam (642 CE).

Yet, Late Antiquity is Ancient Egypt’s most important period of History, because it is at those times that Ancient Egyptian religions, cults, faiths and concepts truly speaking ‘invaded’ Ancient Greece, Rome and the entire European continent where hundreds of Egyptian archaeological sites have been excavated. Western European Egyptologists brought to daylight hundreds of ancient temples of Isis, Horus, Osiris, Sarapis, Anubis and other Ancient Egyptian concepts of divinity on European soil but no one, either in Europe or in Egypt and the rest of the world knows about it. Greek Isidists, adepts and believers of the Egyptian divinity Isis, traveled (3rd c. BCE – 4th c. CE) as pilgrims from Greece to Philae Island, 5 km south of Aswan, to venerate the world’s holiest temple of Isis and to write inscriptions on the temple’s walls, but this is worldwide prohibited knowledge for average people in Egypt, Greece, Europe and the rest of the world.

It is during the Ptolemaic and Roman times that appear in Egypt numerous schools of faith, religions, cults and philosophies that we now call Gnosis or Gnosticisms. From Egypt, Gnostics’ teachings, preaching, cosmogonies and eschatological revelations where diffused to NW Africa, Europe, East Africa, and India. Yet, today’s Egyptians know nothing about Gnostics, Hermetics and Manichaeans.

Point 6 – Post-Renaissance European sickness, barbarism, pseudo-literature, bogus-philosophy, and corrupt dementia diffused and tyrannically imposed worldwide as “Civilization”

Sixth, the Western colonials dictatorially imposed and methodically (through bribed local stooges) projected onto all the colonized nations of Asia, Africa, Latin America, and Eastern Europe the immoral, inhuman and utterly lawless elements of their bogus-intellectual life, i.e. the worthless trash of Moliere, Racine, Rousseau, Coleridge, Kipling, Victor Hugo, Karl Marx, Albert Camus, Jean Paul Sartre, Lenin, and their likes. This effort constituted an unprecedented profanation and an unmatched barbarization process that plunged the entire world to the early stages of the present chaotic disorder and irrevocable disintegration.

Yet, the Tuareg and the Berbers of the African Atlas, the Hausa of Nigeria, the Bantu of the African South, the Cushitic Africans of the Horn region, the Egyptian Copts, the Muslims and the Hindus of India, the Christians of Malabar, the Yazidis of Iraq and Armenia, the Turkic nations across Asia, the many different nations of Iran, Russia, China and SE Asia did not need to forget their illustrious past and noble authors, poets, mystics, erudite polymaths, philosophers and scholars in order to absorb the cultural excrement of Europe and North America.

Point 7 – An evil plan of total cultural – academic – educational disconnection among all the nations of the world was successfully implemented without anyone noticing it

Seventh, the Western colonials deployed an unparalleled effort to disconnect the colonized nations from one another; this has been the most criminal act that they have ever perpetrated. Due to this detrimental fact,

1- there are no Moroccan Egyptologists

2- there are no Nigerian Iranologists

3- there are no Somali Assyriologists

4- there are no Afghani specialists in Coptic Language, Literature and History

5- there are no Uzbek specialists in Hausa and Berber

6- there are no Pakistani specialists in Aztec hieroglyphics

7- there are no Indian specialists in Hittite Language, Literature and History

8- there are no Tanzanian specialists in Tatar Language, Literature and History

9- there are no Algerian specialists in Chinese Manichaeism

10- there are no Filipino specialists in Zoroastrianism

11- there are no Peruvian specialists in Mithraism

12- there are no Egyptian specialists in Confucianism

13- there are no Turkish specialists in Quechua, Aymara and other Andes languages

14- there are no Malay specialists in Sumerian

15- there are no Azeri specialists in Carthage and Carthaginian Language and History

and so on, and so on.

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21 Bezeklik Caves Turfan

Universities in Peru, Argentina, Cameroon, South Africa, Kenya, Sudan, Iraq, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia must not offer seminars about the Bezeklik caves in Turfan (Eastern Turkestan, Sinkiang – China), the Manichaean wall paintings, and the diffusion of Manichaeism in China, but these topics are ‘allowed’ for universities in Holland, Austria, Sweden, Belgium and France.   

 

21 Panjikent Tajik

21 Panjikent

Universities in Venezuela, Colombia, Algeria, Egypt, Tanzania, Yemen, Madagascar, Philippines, and Vietnam must not offer seminars about the Sogdian Civilization, History and Art (as attested in Panjikent wall paintings in today’s Tajikistan), but these topics are ‘allowed’ for universities in Holland, Austria, Canada, Spain and Italy. 

22 Sogdian Manichaean

Universities in Congo, Chile, Morocco, Iraq, Angola, Azerbaijan, Thailand, Myanmar, and Pakistan must not offer seminars about Manichaeism and its diffusion from NW Africa to Egypt to China, but these topics are ‘allowed’ for universities in Sweden, Switzerland, Belgium, Australia, and Germany. 

 

24 wall painting Nestorian church Bezeklik

25 nestorian tablet China

Universities in Ghana, Brazil, Paraguay, Jordan, Uganda, Zambia, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Iran, and India must not offer seminars about Nestorian Christianity and its diffusion from Mesopotamia to Bezeklik (Eastern Turkestan – first picture) to the historical center of Imperial China (second picture), but these topics are ‘allowed’ for universities in Denmark, England, Finland, Poland, and Russia. 

 

23 kuh-khwajeh mural

Universities in China, Uruguay, Taiwan, South Africa, Cambodia, Sudan, Malaysia, Greece, Syria, Georgia and Afghanistan must not offer seminars about the wall paintings of the Arsacid – Sassanid palaces at Kuh-i Khajeh near Zabol, Iran, but these topics are ‘allowed’ for universities in Italy, Belgium, Holland, Canada, Austria and the US. 

26 khotan king vaisravana

Universities in Mexico, Zimbabwe, Albania, Bolivia, Senegal, Romania, Iran, Guatemala, Tunisia, Armenia, Bulgaria, and Saudi Arabia must not offer seminars about Khotan, Khotanese language, Khotanese Buddhism and the Celestial King Vaisravana, but these topics are ‘allowed’ for universities in England, France, Germany and Sweden. 

 

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Universities in Brazil, Indonesia, UAE, Vietnam, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Turkey, Qatar, Egypt, Morocco and Nigeria must not offer seminars about India’s Ajanta Caves and their frescoes, but these topics are ‘allowed’ for universities in Canada, the US, Holland, Austria, and England.

 

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Notice carefully the countries that I offer as case studies! I don’t give small countries as examples; the smallest among them is Azerbaijan (with ca. 10 million people). The selection of paradigms was deliberate. Some people may ask why it should be

a) Azerbaijan’s priority to have specialists in Carthage and Carthaginian Language and History,

b) Somalia’s priority to have Assyriologists, and

c) Afghanistan’s priority to have specialists in Coptic Language, Literature and History.

These questions are paranoid; they are made by either ignorant idiots or bribed criminals who merely implement Western policies that destroy the entire world through this systematic disconnection among the formerly colonized countries.

The world’s worst fallacy is that new countries need studies and faculties in Engineering, Economics, Finance & Banking, Business Administration, IT and the like. All these fields help countries only to become the realms of besotted people and silly local elites that are easily cheated by the evil colonial powers and their diplomats.

Countries without a complete array of Humanities (as per above) in their universities are a filthy trash of impotent monkeys that are dealt with by the colonial powers in the manner Saddam Hussein, Qaddafi, Mubarak, Ali Abdallah Saleh, and many others were thrown out of power.

Humanities must cover 50% of a country’s universities’ academic staff if a country wants to be a standalone entity and not the trashy plaything of every colonial gangster named Macron, Tony Blair or Obama. One could certainly expand much on this topic, but this is not possible within the limits of a simple response. However, I will suggest you in this regard to see things through another viewpoint, which will make perhaps everything easier for you.

Why should small countries like Finland, Sweden, Austria, Czechia, Belgium, Switzerland, Belgium and Holland (with less than 20 million people each of them) have specialists on almost all of the aforementioned academic fields and countries with more than 30 or 40 million people (as per my above examples) have none?

By the way, only the aforementioned practice is quite enough to prove that UNESCO is a vicious colonial institution that helps not unite but divide the different nations worldwide.

Even worse, there is more to it. The aforementioned colonial system of total cultural – academic – educational disconnection was implemented successfully not only among countries of different cultural and historical backgrounds (such as Peru, Angola, Somalia, Myanmar, South Korea, Kazakhstan and Romania) but also among all the Muslim countries, which one could think that they would be better connected at all the above mentioned levels since they evidently share a common heritage. Unfortunately, today’s Muslims are totally unaware of their common heritage, and for this reason the silly and uneducated sheikhs find it easy to pull large populations to fake beliefs, distorted History (as per the needs of the colonial powers), and self-disastrous fanaticism and extremism.

As a matter of fact, the vast disaster caused worldwide by the colonial criminals in this regard can be more emphatically attested within today’s Islamic World. In a nutshell, Muslims do not know one another, because the colonial gangsters limited the ignorant sheikhs of today’s fake Islam into a narrative parody of Prophet Muhammad’s life and few extra points – that are all perceived by Muslims as a “political opposition” to the West. This has been a subtle colonial trickery, because this is the only way to lead today’s Muslims to permanent underdevelopment, ignorance, silly fanaticism, and an abysmal misreading of the Islamic History.

What today’s Muslims know as Islam is NOT Islam.

And not even 1% of the History of Islamic Civilization is known among today’s Muslims. More specifically, at the level of secondary education (whereby in Italy, Italian pupils study texts of Ancient Roman poets, authors, historians and philosophers),

1- not one Moroccan pupil studies excerpts from Tabari

2- not one Nigerian pupil studies excerpts from Jelaleddin Rumi

3- not one Libyan pupil studies excerpts from Nizami Ganjavi

4- not one Egyptian pupil studies excerpts from Ferdowsi

5- not one Somali pupil studies excerpts from Ibn Hazm

6- not one Tanzanian pupil studies excerpts from Mohyieldin ibn Arabi

7- not one Sudanese pupil studies excerpts from Babur

8- not one Iraqi pupil studies excerpts from Al Makrizi

9- not one Syrian pupil studies excerpts from Ibn Khaldun

10- not one Azeri pupil studies excerpts from Al Farabi

11- not one Turkmen pupil studies excerpts from Al Qurtubi

12- not one Pakistani pupil studies excerpts from Nasir al din al Tusi

13- not one Indonesian pupil studies excerpts from Ibn Rushd

Even worse, today’s fake Muslims have no idea about any Islamic monuments outside their own country:

A- Senegalese do not know even the existence of the Samarqand Observatory, which was the world’s leading institution of its time (15th c.), built by Ulugh Beg, a consummate astronomer and the world’s most erudite king of the last 2000 years

B- Mauritanians do not know the existence of the Maragheh Observatory in Iran

C- Sudanese do not know the existence of Divrigi mosque at Sivas, Turkey – which is the only Seljuk mosque with Indian style decoration

D- Egyptians do not know the existence of the illustrious Masjid-e Shah (Mosque) at Esfahan, Iran

E- Yemenis do not know the existence of Registan esplanade at Samarqand with the three illustrious medresas (religious schools)

F- Indonesians do not know the existence of Queen Arwa Mosque in Jibla, Yemen whereby the illustrious queen of the Sulayhid dynasty left the best token of her rule.

One can fill volumes with similar paradigms of cultural ignorance which are all due to the fake theological dogmas presently taught as ‘Islam’ among Muslims as per the colonial orders that the idiotic sheikhs implement.

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Yes, you are right! Entire verses of the Hymns to Aton have been preserved in the otherwise ‘genuine’ texts of the Biblical Psalms.

About the Singapore analogy: teaching History means representing accurately past moments to present people. Examples must be striking.

In the 20th c. it was easy for an army to advance 2000 km; hm!! Before 3600 years, it was not so easy for armies to cover such distance and destroy the faraway target successfully. So, now, you can understand how great was the victory of the Hittite King Mursilis I, who invaded Babylon in 1596 BCE.

All the best and best regards,

Shamsaddin

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The Colonial Powers’ Most Ominous and Secret Evildoing

Cosmic Order & Non-being: Franz Bardon, Modern Spirituality’s Erratic Sources, Will, Self-Cognition & Faith

The present article is the slightly revised version of a letter that I sent to a spiritual disciple a few years ago. It contains my response to few questions about Franz Bardon’s definition of Will in his Questions & Answers. Franz Bardon (1909-1958) was a leading European Spiritualist and Mystic of the 20th c. I add few scanned pages of this book for reference (Merkur Publishing Inc., USA 1998). It goes without saying that, despite my different approach to several topics discussed in this book, I strongly recommend it to the interested reader with a background in Divine Studies and Spirituality. 

 

Basically, I divided the text of my response into eleven units and, to facilitate the reader, I presented a Table of Contents in the beginning. The titles of the units are in block letters, whereas my disciple’s brief letter and several quotes are in italics.  

 

Table of Contents 

I. THE THREE LEVELS OF THE SPIRITUAL WORLD

II. THE THREE PARTS OF THE HUMAN BEING

III. BIPOLARITY AS THE NATURAL CONDITION OF HUMAN CHARACTER

IV. 4TH – 3RD MILLENNIUM BCE ORIENT (MESOPOTAMIA & EGYPT): THE UNIQUE SOURCE OF HUMAN CIVILIZATION AND THE PEAK OF HUMAN SPIRITUALITY & INTELLECT

V. CREATION IS EMANATION

VI. WHAT IS WILL, AND FROM WHAT ELEMENT IT DERIVES

VII. OCEAN (SOFT WATERS) & SEA (SALT WATERS) – FIRE IS NOT AN ORIGINAL ELEMENT

VIII. FIAT LUX! LIGHT IS AN EMANATION OF ETHER, NOT FIRE!

IX. NON-BEING AS PART OF THE CREATION, SATAN & THE ANTICHRIST

X. ONE’S TRUE SELF, WILL AND SUBCONSCIOUS

XI. SELF-COGNITION, SPIRITUAL CONSCIOUSNESS, WILL, THINKING, BELIEF AND FAITH  

 

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Dear A,

 

Thank you very much for your email, news, and questions!

 

I was waiting them; in addition, congratulations for your ceaseless efforts to improve your spiritual status!   

 

I. THE THREE LEVELS OF THE SPIRITUAL WORLD

As regards Franz Bardon philosophy’s introductory book, I am glad that you stopped on the first page (actually p. 13, which is the main text’s first page) and more specifically in the first two paragraphs.

 

I will first briefly answer your questions and then expand. So, the main part of my mail will be after the end of yours.

 

Dear Prof. Shamsaddin,

I hope you are doing well.

I am reading Franz Bardon’s book.

Whilst making notes of Franz Bardon’s book, I am very aware that I cannot absorb these ideas without further explanation so they make sense.

Please could you clarify the below points: 

1. Will

A. What is the connection between the will and a wish?

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God created the spiritual and the material worlds, which means that not even the spiritual world in its entirety is / can be eternal.

 

The spiritual world is distinguished by humans in three levels:

– the ‘astral’ level (this term, preferred by New Age ideologists and propagandists, is biased and unjustified to some extent and it truly corresponds to the) lower spiritual level

– the middle spiritual level

– the upper spiritual level

 

The above distinction may be unclear to you; so, I will now try it make it somewhat understandable.

 

The upper spiritual level is the end of all pure and righteous souls that will merge with God after the Final Judgment (so, not at the End of Times / Al Yom al Ahar, but at the End of the World / Al Yom al Qiyamah). Angels and other top spiritual hierarchies are exclusively part of this sphere which, as you can imagine, includes many layers of importance and involves many stages of the Creation. The epicenter of this sphere is Allah who is also manifested in all stages and levels of Creation as well. This part of soul is not easily accessible to humans; one must eliminate totally his materialistic ego to possibly activate one’s connection with the upper part of one’s soul. Few manage to achieve this while being in this material life.

 

The middle spiritual level encompasses the human souls and many exclusively spiritual hierarchies. The middle level of one’s soul is possible for a human to access after long and systematic spiritual exercise, focus, and elimination of thoughts, feelings, desires, and other material concerns.

 

Fully energizing one’s connection with this level of soul offers a person the ability to act as per the scope of the Creation and empowers the person with capacities that are thought to be absolutely impossible by today’s miserably materialistic (and therefore unbelieving) people. One can

– walk in the air, in the surface or in the depth of the sea,

– go (with the material body) through walls, mountains and rocks,

– transport one’s body at a speed as high as that of the light,

– take different forms (that of a lion, a mosquito, a tree or an object),

– accumulate instantly the knowledge contained within millions of books,

– be present in a place without being visible to those who are there,

– incite fear and respect to the wildest animals that will run away upon seeing the person,

– move to different moments of the time (and thus see and hear historically known or unknown persons),

– understand-speak-read-write earlier unknown (to that person) languages, – stand without a problem in front of a shooting gun (and magnetize the bullet so that it falls down before hitting the person or make it pass through the body without having any effect) or canon,

– make a military aircraft fall,

– survive in the middle of any explosion (nuclear included), and so on.

 

Such person can

– emit light from the body or illuminate it from within,

– transfer part of his power to others, and

– perform other actions that today’s unbelievers stupidly consider as ‘miracles’.

 

The lower spiritual level contains the lower part of the human souls and many other exclusively categories of spiritual beings. When it comes to the human soul’s lower spiritual level (which is mistakenly called ‘astral’), this revolves around the possibility that many people have to move to other locations with their lower spiritual body (‘astral voyages’), which has only the form and the appearance of their material body, although being purely spiritual. Through use of this lower spiritual body, people can appear to others as ghosts, visit them in their dreams, speak to them as if they were next to them and without anybody else hearing, influence others’ opinion, guide them or mislead them without the others’ understanding, prevent a bad occurrence, and so on.  

 

After the death of the material body, the lower spiritual (astral) body gets decomposed into the five elements and it then disappears, leaving the soul (middle and upper levels) totally disconnected from the material world. I can expand much on this, but this is not the correct moment.

 

Bear only in mind that the soul’s middle level is also composed of the five elements, but the soul’s upper level is exclusively composed of ether, the primordial ‘substance’ or ‘dimension’, which is what people in the Late Antiquity used to call ‘quintessence’, i.e. the primary ‘substance’ or ‘dimension’ of Allah.

 

Ether is what Allah is ‘made of’ (if we can make this aphorism!), and through Ether, Allah is present everywhere, because Ether is present everywhere in all beings, spiritual and material; this does not mean that Ether is not part of the Creation. Ether is the very beginning of the Creation. But I am digressing.   

 

II. THE THREE PARTS OF THE HUMAN BEING

 

While in life, every human being is said to be composed of his soul, body and character; in fact, what is called ‘character’ is the most commonly visible manifestation of the astral body at the material.

 

The body is situated at the material level; it is activated by the character / astral body.

 

There are three main sectors of human character: the intellect & the senses, the feelings, and the desires. The connection between the astral and the material bodies occurs by the means of bodily organs and the nerve network (nervous system): the brain (mind-intellect-senses), the heart (feelings), and the abdominal cavity (desires).

 

Every soul’s (and therefore person’s) individuality guarantees  – as per above – a different perception, a different standpoint, a different set of thoughts, a different array of feelings, and a different range of desires.

 

So, to come to your initial question (“the connection between the will and a wish), I have to say that the will is an expression of the intellect (mind / brain) whereas the wish is an expression of either the feelings or the desires of the person.

 

Many people confuse their wishes with their will. Sometimes, defective education, poor culture, and lack of self-knowledge are the reasons for this confusion (so they are personal, not social).

 

I wish to become a lawyer.

I wish to help my father.

I wish to eat this cake.

 

All three ‘wishes’, expressed by the same person, are not identical to one another; they differ not only in terms of action involved (as described by the three verbs) or object concerned (as defined by the three nouns) but mainly in relation to their nature.

 

In the first case, you have the expression of the intellect / and of a will.

In the second case, you have the expression of a feeling.

In the third case, you have the expression of a desire.

 

Many confused people take the ‘will’ as a ‘wish’ and vice versa. Confused people customarily fail to see the difference between will and wish.

 

 

III. BIPOLARITY AS THE NATURAL CONDITION OF HUMAN CHARACTER

 

Even worse, confused people consider their will, their feeling, and their desire as ‘normal’ and ‘rightful’; this is anyone’s guess! It can be normal and rightful, but it can also be quite the opposite.

 

Only critical thinking is the process that can eventually lead to the correct evaluation of a case in this regard; but critical thinking presupposes always another function of the human being, a function of the utmost importance.

 

Who are the confused people?

 

Mainly those for whom one can say “there is much unsaid within them”.

 

Theirs is a catastrophic way of life; it is a form of oppression or, to put it correctly, self-oppression. No one lives a proper human life, if one leaves much unsaid within oneself.

 

No one can deal with any situation properly without speaking within oneself about it and in truth, which automatically means a bipolar form of being or an interpolation. Ignoring, neglecting or disregarding the truth inside oneself is the reason of many wrong and disastrous reactions, grave sins, and overall failure in life.

 

Self-oppression is always evil;  by this, I don’t mean that, as soon as one girl feels a sexual attraction to another girl (or boy to boy), the girl (or the boy) must ‘avoid self-oppression’ and satisfy the abominable desire (which is what all the evil-minded persons in the West and worldwide ‘advise’).

 

Quite contrarily, they must accept it as a ‘reality’ at the personal level, and truthfully speak to their inner self, asking why this desire appeared. Then, starts the bipolar conversation inside that person, and the person gets engaged in the true battle of the life.

 

Otherwise, trying to deny the reality of the desire leads to self-oppression, and this will generate extremely negative results on the character of the person. Without eventually satisfying the abnormal desire, the self-oppressed person will become a negative pole in the society, because of the inevitable, terrible and lifelong consequences of the self-inflicted oppression (the fact of leaving much unsaid with oneself).     

B. What is the aspect of the will as you previously suggested it is not the fire element as suggested by Franz Bardon.

Here, you refer to unit 1 of Bardon’s text. Re-read that unit now in the light of the above, and you will see how great the distance between Bardon and my approach is.     

 

IV. 4TH – 3RD MILLENNIUM BCE ORIENT (MESOPOTAMIA & EGYPT): THE UNIQUE SOURCE OF HUMAN CIVILIZATION AND THE PEAK OF HUMAN SPIRITUALITY & INTELLECT

 

The basic mistake that follows Bardon across his lengthy books and treatises is the disregard of the primordial element, the Ether. However, I must admit that he accepts its existence (whereas most of the Freemasons, and all of the Jesuits and the Zionists do not), but he does it in a rather odd manner that excludes Ether from the reality of most circumstances that occur on the material levels, which is indeed incredible.

 

His approach is that out of Ether emanated four elements (water, air, earth, and fire – which is wrong) and that everything in the material world is appended to the said four elements, because Ether exists in all four elements but not independently – which is an outrage and a blasphemy (it is tantamount to excluding God from the Universe!).

 

The reason for this misperception is that Bardon’s sources were very narrow and limited; it is the same with many spiritualists and mystics of his days (20th c.), with all the modern philosophers (15th-20th c.), and with modern sheikhs and imams of Islam, Christian theologians, Jewish rabbis, Hindu, Buddhist and other priests. The problem is as simple as that:

 

For what parts of Human Spiritual, Religious and Intellectual Heritage have been excavated, deciphered, known, studied, interpreted, accurately perceived and eventually understood today, the theoretical basis of all the aforementioned categories of thinkers and mystics is minimal.

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None of them studied Ancient Sumerian, Akkadian – Assyrian-Babylonian, Egyptian, Elamite, Hittite, Hurrian divine literature, holy books, religious texts, which constitute the source of all later civilizations, cultures, divine studies (: spiritual sciences), mysticisms – esoterisms, cosmogonies, wisdoms, religions, traditions, literatures, sciences, arts, and philosophies.

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This is something that few realize and even fewer are ready to accept, because it destroys fake faiths and vicious agendas altogether.

 

Without Ancient Sumerian, Akkadian – Assyrian-Babylonian, Egyptian, Elamite, Hittite, and Hurrian civilizations, there would not be Flood, there would not be Noah, there would not be Hebrews, Israelites and Jews, there would not be Exodus from Egypt and Moses, there would not be any ancient state called ‘Israel’ with David and Solomon as kings, there would not be prophets, there would not be Jesus, there would not be Christianity, there would not be Muhammad, and there would not be Islam.

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All other posterior civilizations, nations, religions, and historical persons existed thanks to some of the aforementioned. Every antecedent civilization, nation, religion, historical person or historical stage predetermined to large extent the posterior. It is therefore totally impossible to understand the posterior without duly studying the earlier.

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Contrarily to the nonsensical speeches and texts of the ignorant sheikhs – imams and of the fake academia of today’s decayed, worthless and useless Muslim World, it is not the Holy Quran that reconfirms Ancient Egyptian and Assyrian-Babylonian sources, but exactly the opposite.

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So, later the source of study and the point of reference of one modern thinker, intellectual or mystic is, less credible his base of spiritual doctrine becomes.

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Franz Bardon belongs to a generation that idealized Classical and Late Antiquity, despised Christianity and Islam, and ignored the Ancient Orient. The most detrimental trait of their vision and contributions is of course related to their ignorance of the Ancient Orient. The reason for this is that either in the Classical and the Late Antiquity or within Christianity and Islam (all referred to as possible sources of contemporary thinkers and mystics), the true originality of the Mankind (which can also be described as the diachronic peak of human spirituality and intellect in 4th-3rd millennium BCE Orient) had already been lost. For this to understand, you have to view Human History as a series of falls and deteriorated decadence which are predestined to stop and be reversed at the End of Tine.

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Ancient Sumerian, Assyrian-Babylonian, and Egyptian Cosmogonies and other holy texts represent in this regard the most authoritative source about the Creation; some of these texts deal with topics not mentioned and not discussed at all in later holy texts, the Quran included. These antediluvian texts give a very different perception of the World and of the Creation than what can be found in the later Oriental, Persian, Greek, Roman and Indian sources to which Bardon and modern thinkers, mystics and intellectuals used to refer to.

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What came to me as a very striking discovery is that these Ancient Oriental texts overwhelmingly demonstrate the veracity of several key excerpts of the Quran (and this fact was actually the main reason for which I became Muslim).

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This very fact did indeed shed also light to my long lasted question why the Western Orientalists prevented Muslims from having access to the then newly deciphered Egyptian and Assyrian-Babylonian (in the 19th c.) and Sumerian and Hittite (beginning of the 20th c.) texts.

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In reality, they did not want them to be part of the discovery and they did not want to allow them the opportunity to grasp the true meaning of those texts that they later misinterpreted to Western and worldwide readers. At the same time, they strongly pushed Muslims and, in general, all the Oriental and African nations to disregard these discoveries, writings, literatures, holy texts, and historical – religious sources forever and to focus on their later and local stuff (Islamic, Hindu, Confucian and Buddhist), when the supreme essence of human spirituality and intellect and the true meaning of all words had already been lost (in the Classical and the Late Antiquity as well as in Christian and Islamic times).     

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V. CREATION IS EMANATION

 

No one can ever grasp any portion of the meaning of the Creation, if one fails to understand the reality of the processes of the Emanation. Emanation can be spiritual or material.

 

This means automatically that the universes (spiritual and material) were not created “ab ovo”, and that the so-called ‘Big Bang’ theory is Satanic.

 

Everything originates from Ether; then, the Soft Waters were separated from the Salt Waters. The process led to the emanation of the Air. Last to emanate was the Earth – as element of the spiritual world.

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Similarly, the material universe was created in a manner totally opposite to all modern nonsensical theories expressed on this topic; in fact, there are no solar systems and there are no galaxies. All these fantasies are indeed parts of the deception that the world-ruling Satanic powers have gradually, methodically and tyrannically imposed during the last five centuries. The epitome of Satanism in today’s world is the heliocentric dogma which is an entire falsehood and which is – quite tragically and surely terminally for today’s Islam – accepted as ‘true’ by almost all Muslim ‘scholars’, ‘sheikhs’, ‘imams’, etc.

 

All human civilizations from the earlier Oriental cultures to Islam accepted the geocentric truth. Starting in the 15th c., the diffusion of the heliocentric (or Copernican) deception ushered the world into the final decadence that leads to the End of Times.     

 

VI. WHAT IS WILL, AND FROM WHAT ELEMENT IT DERIVES

  

So, to answer your question about the element (not ‘aspect’) of which the Will depends, I have to say that this is the Ether. But …………..

 

This is NOT the ‘will’ that you know!

The will that you know is the will of your intellect, of your mind.

 

Do never confuse the mind or the intellect with the soul!

 

The mind, the intellect and the thought, pretty much like the feelings and the desires are material functions. Lenin was very right saying that the thought is the supreme function of the material world.

 

The soul does not think. The Angels do not think. The demons do not think. All the hierarchies of the spiritual beings do not think. Thought is a very low, purely materialistic, ability. Same with the material endeavor that is called ‘knowledge’. After the astral (lower spiritual) body is decomposed into its elements, all this ‘knowledge’ is dissolved.  

 

Assuming that one soul can come to life in another body (a process which is very rare but possible), this happens without the soul ‘bringing’ along the previously accumulated, material knowledge and thoughts.

 

Is there any will in a soul? Yes! But the spiritual Will is very, very different from the material ‘will’ of the mind /the intellect. Its difference is very essential, because it emanates from the soul’s self-cognition as an independent entity with a fully assessed identity in total incorporation within the spiritual universe. This means that there is no ‘ego’ in a human soul; ‘ego’ was developed only in negative spiritual hierarchies, the demons, etc. – purely to their destruction.

 

But a human mind’s will is a manifestation of the intellect’s self-cognition as independent entity without a truly assessed identity and in total disconnection from the spiritual universe. This is in fact the result of the Fall (or – if you want – of the many, successive falls) of the Mankind. The human mind, contrarily to the human soul, develops an ‘ego’, although the Man was not created for this perspective. It is an unnecessary development of catastrophic consequences. The only possible salvation for every human is therefore the total elimination of the ‘ego’; this is otherwise called as ‘return of a human to his/her own soul’.

 

So, if the spiritual (middle – upper level) Will originates from / depends on Ether, the lower spiritual (astral) – material will originates from / depends on the Salt Waters.

 

 

VII. OCEAN (SOFT WATERS) & SEA (SALT WATERS) – FIRE IS NOT AN ORIGINAL ELEMENT

 

What Bardon and others, since the days of the Late Antiquity, call ‘Fire’ is not an original element, but a later emanation of one of them. It emanated from the Salt Waters.

 

If the terms Soft Waters and Salt Waters appear clear, succinct and meaningful to you (and for this purpose I use them), you have to know that in ancient literatures they were not used like this.

 

Today, you and the rest of the world confuse two terms that were used in the past within the context of a striking contradiction: Ocean and Sea.

 

You think that the same type of water is called ‘sea’ in rather ‘closed’ basins (Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, Black Sea, Baltic Sea, North Sea) and ‘ocean’ in ‘open’, inter-continental spaces (Indian, Atlantic, Pacific, etc).

 

If one examines the situation today, one will agree that the type of water contained in either a sea or in an ocean is the same. However, this did not happen in the past, and when I say ‘past’, I mean before the Flood. The disasters caused at that time ended up with the formation of the present, abnormal situation.

 

You have therefore to consider the present world as ‘abnormal’ also in this issue.

 

The idiotic, Satanic sheikhs of today’s fake Islam know nothing of all this, because   

1. their reading of the Quran is false, fake, worthless, useless to them, and most-offensive to God

2. their overwhelming darkness and total ignorance of the Islamic Times’ Spirituality, Transcendental Wisdom, Astrology – Astronomy, Alchemy, Magic, Mysticism and Royal Art irreversibly places them out of Islam (because their claims are all fake) and

3. their ignorance of earlier Oriental sources is total, and this condition disables spiritually everyone, preventing him from speaking truthfully about Islam.

 

This is so because first, the true Islam is the Code of the Creation; second, Islam antedates the Creation of the Man; third, Islam was therefore continuously present among pre-Islamic nations, cultures and civilizations, and fourth, simple reason suffices to make anyone understand that the earlier eventually influences the later, and so there is at least the need for every Muslim to crosscheck and identify the roots of Islamic Spirituality, Transcendental Wisdom, Sciences, Literature, Philosophy and Art within the context of the Ancient Oriental Civilizations (mainly Mesopotamia and Egypt, but also Anatolia, Canaan, Iran and Central Asia).

 

But among ancient civilizations (and there is a vast documentation on this topic), there was a very big difference between the words ‘Sea’ (which meant ‘Salt Waters’) – Tiamat and ‘Ocean’ (which meant ‘Soft Water’) – Apsu (the two terms are Assyrian – Babylonian). Sea and Ocean were then very clearly understood as the exact opposites. However, even this was lost in later periods of History and lower stages of human intellect, notably the Ancient Greek and Roman times.

 

All major civilizations considered that, around the Earth (thought to be composed of one sizeable unit of landmass), ran an enormous circular current, which they called Ocean. They described it as exclusively composed of Soft Waters that did not intermingle with the Salt Waters of the coastal seas and basins (such as the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, the North Sea, and so on). This was the antediluvian known Order of the Creation.  

 

This idea was due to their superior knowledge of the Earth before the Flood, which was very different from the situation ensued after that terrible destruction. There were actually no proper continents, but one rather circular surface of Earth surrounded by the Ocean of Soft Waters.

 

In that immense aquatic body, there were also layers: the upper layer was composed of Soft Waters, and then progressively there were alternating layers of Salt and Soft Waters, with the lowest being that of Salt Waters. Because of this situation, before the Flood, the sky had a very different color and it looked like turquoise.

 

For this reason, the turquoise stone was considered as truly precious and exquisite by all highly civilized ancient nations, which were known for having immense temples that functioned as the Abode of the Sacred and served therefore as esoteric ateliers, religious edifices, academic schools, research centers, and libraries. In striking opposition to the later, ignorant and barbarian priesthoods of Greece and Rome, the Sumerian, Assyrian – Babylonian, Hurrian, Hittite and Egyptian temples accommodated altogether initiates and theurgists, erudite explorers and wise scientists, hierophants and sophisticated sacerdotal hierarchies that reflected the supreme level of spiritual dominance and material authority that they had attained and which is unknown and even impossible to the present world.

 

As per above Unit V, all original Cosmogonies stipulate that the really first act of Creation is the separation of the Soft Waters from Salt Waters. This point relates to the transition from ‘Non Being’ into ‘Being’. This is a vast subject that is almost not dealt with within later and lower Cosmogonies (Hebrew, Greek, Roman, Christian or Islamic), but it is extensively described and discussed within the corpuses of Assyrian-Babylonian and Egyptian literatures.

 

If I expand on these topics, it is due to the fact that no one can ever understand the nature and the substance of the five elements as well as the real meaning of the Creation without realizing some key points related to these issues.

 

The pre-cosmic separation of the Soft Waters from the Salt Waters could not have been effectuated without the commanding order and authority of Ether. But this already reveals much about the pre-Creation situation and the ‘chaos’ that is always said to have been prevailing then. In addition, it has – for us – a revelatory information of the utmost importance.

 

It makes us understand that the nature of the Creation is such that God can make the entire universe totally collapse, disintegrate and disappear in just one second. Of course, ignorant sheikhs and priests can also say this. But they cannot say how! If asked, they will reply that God is omnipotent, which is also true and useless at the same time, because in and by itself it does not explain anything.

 

However, God can truly make the entire universe disappear in a second, because the universe was created in a manner enabling this. The manner you already know: separation of the Soft from the Salt Waters – even before the creation of Light. Light is an emanation of Ether.

 

 

VIII. FIAT LUX! LIGHT IS AN EMANATION OF ETHER, NOT FIRE!

 

At this point, I must also add that it is extremely idiotic to attribute Light to Fire as Franz Bardon and many other modern spiritual theoreticians, mystics, and philosophers suggest, being influenced by their mistaken readings of Zoroastrianism and various Gnosticisms.

 

If Light had been due to / emanated from Fire, the entire universe would have been filled with smoke, we would not have been able to see anything, and an overwhelming darkness would have prevailed all over.

 

Believing that Fire can create Light is an oxymoron; it is tantamount to thinking that demons can perform Angelic deeds. And there is worse! In fact, if you are in a totally dark room and you set a match, what you will be able to see is a mere resemblance of Light; in reality, this a counterfeit light or, if you want, a negative reflection of Light.

 

This topic is truly vast, and it is for this reason that I totally oppose the seemingly innocent idea of meditating in front of a candle; this can only bring calamitous results that the victimized performers fail to assess. 

 

IX. NON-BEING AS PART OF THE CREATION, SATAN & THE ANTICHRIST

 

The separation of the Soft Waters from the Salt Waters, as part of the Creation, means automatically that the ‘Non Being’ is also part of the Creation.

 

Following extensive analysis of Assyrian-Babylonian and Egyptian sacred texts relating to the topic, and reconfirming my early conclusions with spiritual experiments, I have every reason to believe and accept that Salt Waters represent actually the dimension of Non Being within the Order of the Creation, being actually a component of the spiritual and material universes.

 

The separation of the Soft from the Salt Waters is the way Ether helped purify the pre-cosmic Soft Waters and then utilized them as the foremost element of the Creation.

 

With the emanation of the Air and the Earth, the order of the Creation was finally complete.

 

At this point, I can repeat – so that you understand better -three lines that I first included as per above Unit VI:

 

So, if the spiritual (middle – upper level) Will originates from / depends on Ether, the lower spiritual (astral) – material will originates from / depends on the Salt Waters.

 

It becomes now automatically understood: without prior elimination of the ‘ego’, involving the material & astral mind and/or character, every human being is driven to non-existence (Non-being).

 

Never forget that non-existence (Non-being) is not the Hell (which is an existing part of the spiritual universe), but something far worse!

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Jesus, attacking his times’ Jews, and more particularly the Scribes and the evil Pharisees (the Jewish priests), revealed much on the topic – for those who truly understand through the lines and have access to the original sources. Jesus said (Gospel of John, 8:39-45):

 

“They answered and said unto him, Abraham is our father. Jesus saith unto them, If ye were Abraham’s children, ye would do the works of Abraham. 40 But now ye seek to kill me, a man that hath told you the truth, which I have heard of God: this did not Abraham. 41 Ye do the deeds of your father. Then said they to him, We be not born of fornication; we have one Father, even God. 42 Jesus said unto them, If God were your Father, ye would love me: for I proceeded forth and came from God; neither came I of myself, but he sent me. 43 Why do ye not understand my speech? even because ye cannot hear my word. 44 Ye are of your father the devil, and the lusts of your father ye will do. He was a murderer from the beginning, and abode not in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaketh a lie, he speaketh of his own: for he is a liar, and the father of it. 45 And because I tell you the truth, ye believe me not”.

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In fact, Jesus denied (8:39) that the Jews of his times were the descendants of the Hebrews (: Abraham) and he accused them of being the offspring of the father of Satan (8:44). The modern English translations are – all – deliberately false at this point. The wording is wrong: “ Ye are of your father the devil“. The Latin translation (Vulgata) is very correct: “vos ex patre diabolo estis” (: you are from the Father of the Devil). And so it is in the original Ancient Greek text: “μες κ το πατρς το διαβόλου στέ” (: you are from the Father of the Devil).

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Jesus’ accusations reveal that the origin of Satan is indeed pre-cosmic and that he emanates from the Non-being (Salt Waters) part of the Creation; this shows that, literally speaking, God did not ‘create’ Satan, but the emanation of the Negativity was a predestination inherent to the Creation. This gives full reason to the Creation of Man by God with the destiny to exterminate Satan and his demons and to generate a new universal order with the Sea eliminated (or ‘imprisoned’ or ‘contained’). This justifies also the numerous eschatological traditions that portray the End Times’ Antichrist (Masih al Dajjal) coming out of the Sea (as it was first said in the Hittite Apocalyptic Epic Ullikummi and then repeated in John’s Revelation).

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But I am digressing. Here I think that with the above I completed my answer.     

C. What is the right power needed to make the wish manifest?

 

I guess you mean the will here. 

 

X. ONE’S TRUE SELF, WILL AND SUBCONSCIOUS

 

 

Of course, there is Will and will – as I already said.

 

There are different prerequisites for each.

 

For a materialistic person and a wrong mystic / spiritualist, there are several ways to achieve the materialization of a will or feeling or desire or ‘wish’ – as per each different case.

 

For a person relying on God, ‘making one’s will or wish manifest’ cannot possibly be a priority. Discovering one’s soul, encountering one’s inner and true being, operating one’s own electromagnetic fields, and commanding one’s own electromagnetic fluids are the priority. Self-cognition must precede any formation of will. If you don’t know who you are, you cannot possibly want – and if you do, in reality you execute someone else’s will that managed to penetrate and inhabit your subconscious (that you don’t control).

 

Only when a person (character) meets one’s own true being (one’s own soul) – with which today’s society, modern education, and in general, the fallen world (in which we live) totally prevented the person from being connected -, can the person (character) at last understand the purpose of coming into the material world and the scope of work that is asked from that person to carry out. Then, unity with one’s true self is guaranteed.

 

To go back to the materialistic persons and the wrong mystics / spiritualists of the modern world, I must admit that their mistakes lead them inevitably to disaster. They thought that they materialized their will and that they made their wish manifest, but this was only a deception.

 

In reality they didn’t materialize their own will and they didn’t make their own wish manifest, but theirs was the will and the wish of one demon (or more) who found its way to the subconscious of that person.

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The subconscious part of the mind is a material-astral dimension of every person that must be always kept as it is at the moment the person is born: totally empty. This is another vast subject of its own, but already understanding that the subconscious must be kept empty and trying to act accordingly can help everyone mark a great advance in one’s life.

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The subconscious represents the element of the Salt Waters in each person. As it is tantamount to Non-Being, it must be kept empty; every single reflection (or idol or image) stored there brings the person one step closer to Non-Being.

 

In the societies of the Fall, it is impossible not to add unnecessary stuff in one’s subconscious; this occurs already infancy and before the baby becomes a child (in the ‘toddler stage’). Then, these negative idols (or images or reflections) function like mirrors and attract a myriad of demons, who manipulate these images in a way to induce humans to improper and sinful deeds, and I guess you know the consequences and all the rest.

 

Thought control and elimination, mind self-control, feeling restriction, meditation, elimination of desires, abstention from materialistic concerns and pleasures (anything from food to sex to leisure) are some of the methods that help empty one’s subconscious.

 

It is as simple as that: without emptying your subconscious and without eliminating your ego, you cannot achieve self-cognition, and as long as you are far from self-cognition, you must not ‘want’ anything. 

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I could expand much on the different methods employed by persons (without empty subconscious) to materialize their own will and make their own wish manifest prior to achieving self-cognition. But it would be purposeless; it was always calamitous, and the entire world is about to be met with final annihilation due to precisely this nefarious and ominous situation.   

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XI. SELF-COGNITION, SPIRITUAL CONSCIOUSNESS, WILL, THINKING, BELIEF AND FAITH

 

D. Does the fact that this is the first paragraph mean that it is the most important? For example, belief is the second paragraph.

 

With this question, you reach a very critical point of considerations about the spiritual world. Yes, this is perhaps the first question one should ask, if one considers the form (and not the contents) of Bardon’s presentation.

 

Why speaking first about (or why defining first) one’s will, and not one’s belief?

 

This sort of questions / considerations are existential / fundamental. What comes first as manifestation of a person’s identity?

 

Here, you will face the multitude of modern philosophers (which means mainly Western, i.e. basically Anti-Christian, Freemasonic and Zionist) who specify that the basic expression of each and every material being is his/her/its will.

 

This is a fundamental aberration; it consists in one of the few major mistakes, due to which one loses forever the chance to return to mental normalcy. Many centuries ago, in the early 17th c., one of Europe’s most revered but most disastrous and most evil philosophers, Descartes (Cartesius), said in Latin the notorious sentence: “Cogito ergo sum”, which means lit. ‘I think, therefore I am’.

 

Descartes played a determinant role in Modern European Philosophy and there was not one modern philosopher who bypassed him; contrarily, all referred to him with veneration, and every single European thinker identified himself through a particular reference to Descartes.

 

Consequently, thought / thinking progressively became of primordial importance for post-16th century Europeans, whereas this was not so before. After Descartes, Belief and Faith started being viewed as less important activities, endeavors or expressions of the human being.

 

The fake self-identification of the modern Europeans was therefore based on Individual Thought (which is totally controlled by the Subconscious if this is not fully emptied), and this situation brought forth the Will of the fake humans who are deprived of self-cognition and identity.

 

It is all about how one human being is / can be self-defined.

 

This relates to what was called Gnosiology by the Ancient Greeks (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosiology).

 

Never confuse Gnosiology with Gnosis, the Gnostics, and the numerous religious-philosophical systems of the Late Antiquity that are called Gnosticisms!

 

Gnosiology (falsely called ‘Epistemology’ today) is indeed one of the five parts of Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy:

– Metaphysics (concerning the Creation, the Cosmic Aeons, the Spiritual World, the Soul, the Spiritual Hierarchies, God, the Interconnection between the Spiritual and the Material Worlds, the Hereafter, the Destiny of the Man),

– Logic (exploring valid Reasoning and Argumentation),

– Ethics or Moral Philosophy (identifying what is an ethical, just and proper value),

– Esthetics (differentiating between the notions of Beauty and Ugliness), and

– Gnosiology (specifying what is and what is not Knowledge, how we know that we truly know, where the importance of Knowledge is placed, how we learn, what we can know, etc).

 

As a matter of fact, due to a) the rise of the modern philosophical systems and b) the formation of modern sciences, many major changes occurred leading to a dramatic transformation / alteration of the traditional function and operation of Philosophy after the 15th-16th c. in Western Europe. Newly diffused concepts (like the concepts of ‘usefulness’ and ‘profit’) deeply changed the nature of philosophical endeavor. For all ancient philosophers, ‘useful’ was equal to trash; it was vulgar, hideous and even barbaric; it was tantamount to worthless and valueless. This was very right indeed, because all types of possible ‘use’ cannot possibly have any real value. Everything one can buy has a price and a market worth; therefore it cannot – by definition – have any real value, and it does not represent any virtue.

 

Pretty much like modern, fake and ‘indirect’ democracy (which is a counterfeit system at the antipodes of the ancient, ‘direct’ democracy), the modern Western European ‘philosophers’ tried – in striking opposition with the philosophers of ancient times – to setup useful systems and to control modern thought, sciences, and the world of power (which they distorted, falsified and called politics – a nonexistent, fake term).

 

So, Gnosiology was then obliterated by modern academia and those ‘philosophers’, who replaced it with what is rather called today Cognitive Science (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_science). Similarly, the fake modern science of Psychology has nothing to do with the Soul (despite the first component of the term; ‘psyche’ meaning ‘soul’ in Ancient Greek). In fact, modern Cognitive Sciences have nothing to do with the processes of self-cognition as undertaken by the soul and the mind. As academic discipline, Cognitive Science is packed with preconceived ideas, farfetched innuendos, and a high amount of aberrations that help setup the troublesome and fake cognitive basis of the unfortunate and disoriented modern humans. This falsehood was actually spread worldwide due to academic, educational, intellectual and cultural colonialism.

 

Muslims have not been exempted in this regard, because, as I said, this system was imposed worldwide and without reaction; not even one Hindu, Buddhist, Eastern Christian, Confucian, Taoist or Muslim thinker, intellectual or mystic was left there to identify and denounce the preconceived schemes that were first elaborated and imposed in the West, and second diffused among the followers of the afore-mentioned religions, and of other faiths and cultures. Finally, this system forced the entire modern world to totally lose every connection with their past and identity.

 

So, for the modern world’s fake human being, the first element of self-identification is the Will, and this is translated to thoughts, feelings and desires.

 

This is the reason for which Franz Bardon starts with Will.

 

Certainly, this is all wrong, and more importantly, it is a terrible drawback for anyone who wants to start an effort to discover and connect with one’s own soul. 

 

At this point, I repeat three statements already included in Unit VI so that you better assess their meaning thanks to what I presented in-between:

1) The mind, the intellect and the thought, pretty much like the feelings and the desires are material functions. 

2) The soul does not think.   

3) Is there any will in a soul? Yes! But the spiritual Will is very, very different from the material ‘will’ of the mind /the intellect. Its difference is very essential, because it emanates from the soul’s self-cognition as an independent entity with a fully assessed identity in total incorporation within the spiritual universe.  

Due to these points, one can understand immediately that the spiritual beings have another manner of identifying themselves, and this manner is indeed very different from the expression of a human thought or the manifestation of a human will. What is valid for all spiritual beings also concerns the human souls.

 

As the creation of the material universe was a duplication of the creation of the spiritual universe, every human being must adapt to its soul and thus establish the correct concordances.

 

The premier identification of a created spiritual being or of a created soul is the manner of its connection with the Creator; this is different in each and every soul.

 

That’s why it would be a mistake to make a sentence like “the premier identification of a created spiritual being or of a created soul is its connection with the Creator”.

 

The  correct definition refers to “the manner of” connection with the Creator as “the premier identification of any created being”.

 

What is the manner of a soul’s connection with the Creator?

 

This is called Faith.

 

Faith is something you don’t know, something most of today’s people don’t know, something that is largely irrelevant of the simple belief. For today’s people, belief and faith are almost identical notions and concepts. But this is wrong.

 

Look at how erroneous all modern followers of (the already distorted and therefore fake) religions are! Read the following four sentences:

 

A- Christians believe that God is manifested as Trinity.

B- Muslims believe that Muhammad was the Prophet of God.

C- Communists believe that human ignorance and sheer fear made humans believe in God.

D- Atheists believe that there is no God.

 

In all the above cases, you have in reality a superficial, meaningless, and worthless attachment to various narratives; all cases are the same and equally false. Because of this, many say – and they are right – that ‘communism is a religion’ and that ‘atheists have a God, either they accept this conclusion or not’, meaning that each atheist is characterized by a particular attachment to some thoughts and ideas – a situation which is similar and equivalent to a Christian’s attachment to a Christian narrative and to Muslim’s attachment to an Islamic narrative.

 

In fact, all these narratives have nothing to do with Faith. Faith is not this.

 

Look here at the extent to which ‘faith’ and ‘belief’ are confused in modern dictionaries:

 

1: a state or habit of mind in which trust or confidence is placed in some person or thing <her belief in God> <a belief in democracy> <I bought the table in the belief that it was an antique.> <contrary to popular belief>

2 : something that is accepted, considered to be true, or held as an opinion : something believed <an individual’s religious or political beliefs>; especially : a tenet or body of tenets held by a group <the beliefs of the Catholic Church>

3 : conviction of the truth of some statement or the reality of some being or phenomenon especially when based on examination of evidence <belief in the validity of scientific statements>

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/belief

 

and

 

1 a : allegiance to duty or a person : loyalty <lost faith in the company’s president> b (1) : fidelity to one’s promises (2) : sincerity of intentions <acted in good faith>

2 a (1) : belief and trust in and loyalty to God (2) : belief in the traditional doctrines of a religion b (1) : firm belief in something for which there is no proof <clinging to the faith that her missing son would one day return> (2) : complete trust

3 : something that is believed especially with strong conviction; especially : a system of religious beliefs <the Protestant faith>

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/faith

 

You may have fast noticed that the two terms are practically speaking interchangeable.

 

Here you will find a better portrait of the currently reigning confusion among humans, and more importantly, among theologians:

 

As John Simpson and Nathan Ketsdever have stated, faith is not belief without evidence. Faith is merely the extent of belief. In other words, if your belief is so strong that it affects your actions and attitudes, it has become faith. If you have complete confidence in something or someone, you have faith. Faith is synonymous with the word, trust. Thus if someone is “faithful” then they are someone you can have faith in.

 

Thus blind faith is having completely confidence in someone or something without any reason to do so. It’s typically used pejoratively. Hardly anybody I know has a completely “blind faith” because even if their faith is based on shaky or faulty reasoning, they usually have some reason or some story to how they came to this faith.

 

For example if a child believes in Santa Claus so much that they have complete confidence in his existence or reality, they have faith. But is it really a blind faith? If you ask a child why they believe in Santa Claus, they might say that they believe in Santa Claus because their parents said he exists. At that point, it is no longer blind faith. They have SOME reasoning for this faith in Santa Claus, even if it is not the best reason. They trust their parents, who have their best interest at heart.

 

Now the term “blind faith” could alternatively mean, having faith in something which you cannot observe scientifically. I believe this is the way many atheists use the term. This use of the term however, is rhetorical abuse. It is essentially claiming that unless something can be observed in a rigorous scientific way, it is not reasoned and cannot be evidence. It is imposing an evidential foundationalist philosophical worldview. The fact of the matter is that human beings do not operate that way. If I have faith in the goodness of my parents to me, I have not subjected their goodness to rigorous scientific testing. Yet I have every reason to believe in their goodness and have faith in them. Rigorous scientific observation is not the only path to knowledge and the intellectually honest should reject any claim that it is.

https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-differences-between-faith-belief-hope-and-trust

 

Written by an Evangelical Christian, the above text is a high degree certificate of real, complete, and consummate disbelief. Confusing belief with faith is full proof of materialism; it automatically discredits whatever a person may declare as his/her own faith. The person that makes an equation between belief and faith knows no God, and if he/she says that he/she believes in God, he/she is a liar and a hypocrite.

 

Look at what Jesus said about Faith:

But early in the morning, as he came back into the city, he hungered. 19And seeing one fig-tree in the way, he came to it and found on it nothing but leaves only. And he says to it, Let there be never more fruit of thee for ever. And the fig-tree was immediately dried up.

Verily I say unto you, If ye have faith, and do not doubt, not only shall ye do what [is done] to the fig-tree, but even if ye should say to this mountain, Be thou taken away and be thou cast into the sea, it shall come to pass. 22 And all things whatsoever ye shall ask in prayer, believing, ye shall receive.

Gospel according to Matthew, ch. 21, v. 21-22

http://bibliaparalela.com/dbt/matthew/21.htm

 

This quotation is one of the excerpts that we find in the Christian Gospels about Jesus’ description of Faith.

 

Two other examples of Faith that Prophet Jesus gave to his disciples personally:

22 Then Jesus made the disciples get into the boat and go on ahead to the other side of the lake, while he sent the people away. 23 After sending the people away, he went up a hill by himself to pray. When evening came, Jesus was there alone; 24 and by this time the boat was far out in the lake, tossed about by the waves, because the wind was blowing against it. 25 Between three and six o’clock in the morning Jesus came to the disciples, walking on the water. 26 When they saw him walking on the water, they were terrified. “It’s a ghost!” they said, and screamed with fear. 27Jesus spoke to them at once. “Courage!” he said. “It is I. Don’t be afraid!” 28 Then Peter spoke up. “Lord, if it is really you, order me to come out on the water to you.” 29 “Come!” answered Jesus. So Peter got out of the boat and started walking on the water to Jesus. 30 But when he noticed the strong wind, he was afraid and started to sink down in the water. “Save me, Lord!” he cried. 31 At once Jesus reached out and grabbed hold of him and said, “How little faith you have! Why did you doubt?” 32They both got into the boat, and the wind died down.

Gospel according to Matthew, ch. 14, v. 22-32

 

The two examples involve: a. walking on the surface of the lake waters, and b. stopping the wind.

 

Why did Peter started to sink?

Because of the so-called Law of Gravitation, which is a fake?

 

No!

 

But because he had ….. “little faith”.

 

Faith is the spiritual power which is founded on absolute, spiritual self-knowledge and self-identification acquired by means of instinctive perception of the soul’s connection with God. Every normal human can have faith, and those who have it can exercise full and infinite control of the matter and of the entire material world.

 

In the above excerpts, Jesus gives the example that by means of Faith one man can remove an entire mountain from its place and throw it into the sea, stop the wind, and walk on the surface of the water.

 

You may wish perhaps at this point to ask me about consciousness, and you may eventually pretend that before Faith, Belief, and Will, one should start discussing ontological matters by specifying consciousness as the cornerstone of each and every human and as the very beginning of every mental and spiritual activity.

 

Certainly, consciousness comes before will and before belief.

 

Before you expressed a desire to eat (when you were a few months old baby), you felt your personal need to eat, and this is a manifestation of consciousness.

 

Before you first heard of Islam (when you were a small child), you identified yourself as an independent being.

 

Consciousness is tantamount to self-cognition and self-identification, but at this level, we have to also make a clear distinction: there is mental-material consciousness and there is spiritual consciousness, and in most of the cases they differ greatly, because in today’s fallen world, humans are disconnected from their own spiritual self (i.e. their soul).

 

In every case, when a human is disconnected from his/her soul, his/her mental-material consciousness is false.

 

In our fallen world, the path of one person to re-encounter one’s soul and to enact one’s inherent spiritual powers is the definition of the person’s spirituality and religiosity. This can be achieved through many different narratives and several spiritual methods.

 

Useless to add that persons, who understand the immense power of the spiritual world, but fail in their personal path, sometimes make deals with evil spirits, demons, and other negative spiritual entities and – through the related initiation and subsequent exercise – they manage to achieve a certain spiritual power. However, this is conditioned on many terms and, in turn, it conditions the soul of these persons to spiritual slavery, permanent punishment (Hell) or even total extinction (elimination in the Non Being).

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Contrarily to the false mental-material consciousness, spiritual consciousness is the true self-cognition (self-identification) of every person; this implies that in spiritual terms, Consciousness is Faith and Faith is Consciousness. They are identical to one another. Spiritual contact with God is one with the affirmation of a soul’s self-identification. 

 

I have questions about the other paragraphs which I noted down but I do not understand the meaning or context of the first paragraph and would like to start from there.

As always wishing you the best
A

Best,

Shamsaddin         

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Cosmic Order &amp; Non-being